% author: Jean-François Burnol % License: LPPL 1.3c (author-maintained) % Usage: \input polexpr.sty (Plain or other macro formats) % or \usepackage{polexpr} (LaTeX macro format) % Release 0.8.7a (2022/05/19) of polexpr.sty. This file inputs % polexprcore.tex % polexprexpr.tex % polexprsturm.tex \begingroup\catcode61\catcode48\catcode32=10\relax% \catcode13=5 % ^^M \endlinechar=13 % \catcode123=1 % { \catcode125=2 % } \catcode64=11 % @ \catcode35=6 % # \catcode44=12 % , \catcode45=12 % - \catcode46=12 % . \catcode58=12 % : \def\z {\endgroup}% \expandafter\let\expandafter\x\csname ver@polexpr.sty\endcsname \expandafter\let\expandafter\w\csname ver@xintexpr.sty\endcsname \expandafter \ifx\csname PackageInfo\endcsname\relax \def\y#1#2{\immediate\write-1{Package #1 Info: #2.}}% \else \def\y#1#2{\PackageInfo{#1}{#2}}% \fi \expandafter % I don't think engine exists providing \expanded but not \numexpr \ifx\csname expanded\endcsname\relax \y{polexpr}{\expanded not available, aborting input}% \aftergroup\endinput \else \ifx\x\relax % plain-TeX, first loading of polexpr.sty \ifx\w\relax % but xintexpr.sty not yet loaded. \expandafter\def\expandafter\z\expandafter {\z\input xintexpr.sty\relax}% \fi \else \def\empty {}% \ifx\x\empty % LaTeX, first loading, % variable is initialized, but \ProvidesPackage not yet seen \ifx\w\relax % xintexpr.sty not yet loaded. \expandafter\def\expandafter\z\expandafter {\z\RequirePackage{xintexpr}[2021/03/29]}% \fi \else \aftergroup\endinput % polexpr already loaded. \fi \fi \fi \z% \XINTsetupcatcodes% (does \endlinechar13 in particular) \XINT_providespackage \ProvidesPackage{polexpr}% [2022/05/19 v0.8.7a Polynomial expressions with rational coefficients (JFB)]% \begingroup \def\x#1/#2/#3 #4\xint:{#1#2#3}% \ifnum\expandafter\x\expanded{\csname ver@xintexpr.sty\endcsname}\xint: <20210527 % xint 1.4h \errmessage{Package polexpr error: xintexpr too old, aborting input}% \else\expandafter\xint_gobble_i \fi \endinput\endgroup \let\PolDecToString\xintDecToString \long\def\POL@ifstar#1#2% {% \begingroup\def\@tempa{#1}\def\@tempb{#2}% \futurelet\@let@token\POL@@ifstar }% \def\POL@@ifstar {% \xint_firstofone{\ifx} \@let@token\def\next{\POL@@again\POL@@ifstar}\else \ifx*\@let@token\def\next##1{\expandafter\endgroup\@tempa}\else \def\next{\expandafter\endgroup\@tempb}\fi\fi\next }% \xint_firstofone{\def\POL@@again#1} {\futurelet\@let@token#1}% \long\def\POL@chkopt#1[#2]% {% \begingroup\def\@tempa{#1}\def\@tempb{#1[#2]}% \futurelet\@let@token\POL@@ifopt }% \def\POL@@ifopt {% \xint_firstofone{\ifx} \@let@token\def\next{\POL@@again\POL@@ifopt}\else \ifx[\@let@token\def\next{\expandafter\endgroup\@tempa}\else %] \def\next{\expandafter\endgroup\@tempb}\fi\fi\next }% % \polexprsetup added at 0.7 \catcode`! 3 % \def\polexprsetup#1{\POL@setup_parsekeys #1,=!,\xint_bye}% \def\POL@setup_parsekeys #1=#2#3,{% \ifx!#2\expandafter\xint_bye\fi \csname POL@setup_setkey_\xint_zapspaces #1 \xint_gobble_i\endcsname \xint_firstoftwo {\PackageWarning{polexpr}{The \detokenize{#1} key is unknown! ignoring}}% {\xintZapLastSpaces{#2#3}}% \POL@setup_parsekeys }% \def\POL@setup_setkey_norr #1#2{\edef\POL@norr}% \def\POL@setup_setkey_sqfnorr #1#2{\edef\POL@sqfnorr}% \polexprsetup{norr=_norr, sqfnorr=_sqf_norr}% \catcode`! 11 % special catcode for ! as used in xintexpr.sty % \newif\ifxintveryverbose \newif\ifpolnewpolverbose \newif\ifpoltypesetall \newif\ifpoltoexprall %% %% Main data format for non-expandable manipulations %% %% The main exchange structure is: %% N.\empty{coeff0}{coeff1}....{coeffN} %% It is stored in macros \POLuserpol@ %% The \empty is basically there to avoid brace-stripping %% in some grabbing contexts (maybe I should revisit this) %% %% The zero polynomial is stored as -1.\empty{0/1[0]} %% Degree zero polynomials are 0.\empty{numeric value} %% %% Depending on input path the numeric values coeff0, coeff1, ...., coeffN %% may have been or not already converted into A/B[n] format. %% As a rule, computations are not followed with reducing the fractions %% to smallest terms; the innocent may be unaware that computing %% with fractions quickly give gigantic numbers. There is \PolReduceCoeffs %% to do that. %% %% This base structure is maintained at 0.8 for legacy reasons but perhaps I %% need to revisit this. A characteristic of the package so far is that it %% thus stores and manipulate polynomials basically as the complete sequence %% of coefficients, (using the xintfrac "zero" for missing coefficients) which %% means that it will handle poorly polynomials of high degrees such as X^500. %% %% Test if zero \def\POL@ifZero#1{\expandafter\POL@ifZero@aux#1;}% \def\POL@ifZero@aux #1#2;{\if-#1\expandafter\xint_firstoftwo \else\expandafter\xint_secondoftwo \fi}% %% Split into degree and coefficients % The \expandafter chain removes the \empty token \def\POL@split#1.#2;#3#4% {\def#3{#1}\expandafter\def\expandafter#4\expandafter{#2}}% %% Define from values stored in a "macros-array" \def\POL@resultfromarray #1{% \edef\POL@result{\ifnum\count@>\z@ \the\numexpr\count@-\@ne.\noexpand\empty \xintiloop [1+1]% \expandafter\POL@braceit\csname POL@array#1\xintiloopindex\endcsname \ifnum\xintiloopindex<\count@ \repeat \else-1.\noexpand\empty{0/1[0]}\fi}% }% \def\POL@braceit#1{{#1}}% needed as \xintiloopindex can not "see" through braces %% %% Conversion between legacy data storage and the one used for the %% the novel polexpr 0.8 notion of \xintexpr polynomial variables %% %% The 0.8 expandable implementation of core algebra is also manipulating %% the complete list of coefficients. The internal data structure is %% (this is the numeric leaf in xintexpr ople terminology) currently: %% PN.{coeff0}{coeff1}....{coeffN} %% where the P letter identifies the polynomial type. %% Here the degree N is *always* at least 1: if some evaluation ends %% up in a constant polynomial it will always be output as a genuine %% scalar numeric variable, as a rule in in A/B[n] format %% %% This is not definitive and I need to think about it more (in particular %% in the distant perspective of supporting multi-variable polynomials). %% However modifying this will be costly labor at this stage. %% \input polexprcore.tex\relax % load expandable algebra \def\POL@vartolegacy #1% \romannumeral\POL@vartolegacy ... \xint: {% \if 0#1\xint_dothis\POL@vartolegacy@zero\fi \if P#1\xint_dothis\POL@vartolegacy@pol\fi \xint_orthat\POL@vartolegacy@scalar #1% }% \def\POL@vartolegacy@zero #1\xint:{\xint_c_ -1.\empty{0/1[0]}}% \def\POL@vartolegacy@scalar #1\xint:{\xint_c_ 0.\empty{#1}}% \def\POL@vartolegacy@pol P#1.#2\xint:{\xint_c_ #1.\empty#2}% % \def\POL@tovar#1{\romannumeral\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter \POL@legacytovar\csname POLuserpol@#1\endcsname}% \def\POL@legacytovar #1.% \romannumeral\POL@legacytovar N.\empty{c0}... {% \ifnum #1<\xint_c_i\xint_dothis\POL@legacytovar@scalar\fi \xint_orthat\POL@legacytovar@pol #1.% }% \def\POL@legacytovar@scalar #1.\empty#2{\xint_c_ #2}% \def\POL@legacytovar@pol #1.\empty{\xint_c_ P#1.}% %% %% Extend \xintexpr (\xintdefvar, \xintdeffunc) to recognize the new %% polynomial type %% %% **** It does NOT apply to \xintfloatexpr context %% \input polexprexpr.tex\relax %% %% \poldef %% %% Ever since 1.0, catcode sanitisation was minimal and only handled %% the semicolon. At last 0.8.7 uses \xintexprSafeCatcodes to enhance %% compatibility with hostile contexts such as babel+french. This %% adds overhead but at least is coherent with \xintdefvar/\xintdeffunc \def\PolDef{\xintexprSafeCatcodes\POL@chkopt\POL@oPolDef[x]}% \def\POL@oPolDef[#1]#2#3{\POL@defpol #2(#1):={#3};}% \def\poldef{\xintexprSafeCatcodes\POL@defpol}% \def\POL@defpol #1(#2)#3=#4;{% \xintexprRestoreCatcodes \edef\POL@polname{\xint_zapspaces #1 \xint_gobble_i}% \begingroup \unless\ifxintveryverbose\xintverbosefalse\fi %% RADICAL CHANGE AT 0.8: %% we define a **variable** not a **function** %% ever since polexpr initial version, a function was defined and %% the associated macros was then deconstructed in further analysis %% via non-expandable approach. At 0.8 the polynomial algebra has %% been implemented expandably allowing direct plug-in into \xintexpr \xintdefvar_a __pol = subs(#4,#2=qraw({{P1.{0/1[0]}{1/1[0]}}}));% \expandafter \endgroup \expandafter\def\expandafter\POL@result\expandafter {\romannumeral0\expandafter\xint_stop_atfirstofone \romannumeral0\csname XINT_expr_varvalue___pol\endcsname}% \XINT_global\expandafter\def\csname POLuserpol@\POL@polname\expandafter\endcsname \expandafter{\romannumeral\expandafter\POL@vartolegacy\POL@result\xint:}% \expandafter\POL@newpol\expandafter{\POL@polname}% }% \def\POL@newpol#1{% % 0.7.5 had some complicated special handling of constant % polynomials, but these are complications of the past % First a variable usable in \poldef but not in \xintexpr for arithmetic % only for special dedicated functions such as coeff(), deg() % (when they will be implemented). In \poldef, composition of polynomials % in P(Q) syntax will be more efficient than P(Q(x)). % This will use \XINT_global and obey \xintverbose... setting \XINT_expr_defvar_one{#1}{{\POL@tovar{#1}}}% % Second a function usable not only in \poldef but also in \xintexpr % Will use \XINT_global \POL@newpolhorner{#1}% \POL@defpolfunc{#1}{expr}% \XINT_global\expandafter\let\csname XINT_flexpr_func_#1\endcsname\@undefined \ifpolnewpolverbose\POL@info{#1}\fi }% \def\POL@newfloatpol#1{% \POL@newfloatpolhorner{#1}% \POL@defpolfunc{#1}{flexpr}% \ifpolnewpolverbose\POL@floatinfo{#1}% \else \ifxintverbose\POL@floatinfo{#1}\fi \fi }% \def\POL@info #1{% \xintMessage {polexpr}{Info}% {Function #1 for the \string\xintexpr\space parser is \ifxintglobaldefs(globally) \fi associated to \string\XINT_expr_polfunc_#1\space with meaning: \expandafter\meaning \csname XINT_expr_polfunc_#1\endcsname}% }% \def\POL@floatinfo #1{% \xintMessage {polexpr}{Info}% {Function #1 for the \string\xintfloatexpr\space parser is \ifxintglobaldefs(globally) \fi associated to \string\XINT_flexpr_polfunc_#1\space with meaning: \expandafter\meaning \csname XINT_flexpr_polfunc_#1\endcsname}% }% % \def\POL@newpolhorner#1{% \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\POL@split \csname POLuserpol@#1\endcsname;\POL@var@deg\POL@var@coeffs \edef\POL@var@coeffs{\xintRevWithBraces{\POL@var@coeffs}}% \begingroup \expandafter\POL@newpol@horner\POL@var@coeffs\relax \expandafter \endgroup \expandafter\XINT_global \expandafter\def\csname XINT_expr_polfunc_#1\expandafter\endcsname \expandafter##\expandafter1\expandafter{\POL@tmp{##1}}% }% \def\POL@newfloatpolhorner#1{% %% redefine function to expand by Horner scheme. Is this useful? %% perhaps bad idea for numerical evaluation of thing such as (1+x)^10? % note: I added {0/1[0]} item to zero polynomial also to facilitate this \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\POL@split \csname POLuserpol@#1\endcsname;\POL@var@deg\POL@var@coeffs \edef\POL@var@coeffs{\xintRevWithBraces{\POL@var@coeffs}}% \begingroup \expandafter\POL@newpol@floathorner\POL@var@coeffs\relax \expandafter \endgroup \expandafter\def\csname XINT_flexpr_polfunc_#1\expandafter\endcsname \expandafter##\expandafter1\expandafter{\POL@tmp{##1}}% }% \def\POL@newpol@horner#1{\let\xintPolAdd\relax\let\xintPolMul\relax \def\POL@tmp##1{#1}\POL@newpol@horner@loop.}% \def\POL@newpol@horner@loop.#1{% \if\relax#1\expandafter\xint_gob_til_dot\fi \edef\POL@tmp##1{\xintiiifZero{#1} {\xint_firstofone}{\xintPolAdd{#1}}% {\xintPolMul{##1}{\POL@tmp{##1}}}}% \POL@newpol@horner@loop.% }% \def\POL@newpol@floathorner#1{\let\XINTinFloatAdd\relax\let\XINTinFloatMul\relax \edef\POL@tmp##1{\XINTinFloatdigits{#1}}% \POL@newpol@floathorner@loop.}% \def\POL@newpol@floathorner@loop.#1{% \if\relax#1\expandafter\xint_gob_til_dot\fi \edef\POL@tmp##1{\xintiiifZero{#1} {\xint_firstofone}{\XINTinFloatAdd{\XINTinFloatdigits{#1}}}% {\XINTinFloatMul{##1}{\POL@tmp{##1}}}}% \POL@newpol@floathorner@loop.% }% %% %% Non-expandable polynomial manipulations %% \def\PolGenFloatVariant#1{\POL@newfloatpol{#1}}% % \def\PolLet#1#2{\if=\noexpand#2\expandafter\xint_firstoftwo \else\expandafter\xint_secondoftwo\fi \POL@@let\POL@let{#1}{#2}}% \def\POL@@let#1#2#3{\POL@let{#1}{#3}}% \def\POL@let#1#2{% \XINT_global \expandafter\let\csname POLuserpol@#1\expandafter\endcsname \csname POLuserpol@#2\endcsname \XINT_expr_defvar_one{#1}{{\POL@tovar{#1}}}% \XINT_global \expandafter\let\csname XINT_expr_polfunc_#1\expandafter\endcsname \csname XINT_expr_polfunc_#2\endcsname \POL@defpolfunc{#1}{expr}% \ifpolnewpolverbose\POL@info{#1}\fi }% \def\PolGlobalLet#1#2{\begingroup\xintglobaldefstrue\PolLet{#1}{#2}\endgroup}% % \def\PolAssign#1{\def\POL@polname{#1}\POL@assign}% zap spaces in #1? \def\POL@assign#1\toarray#2{% \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\POL@split \csname POLuserpol@\POL@polname\endcsname;\POL@var@deg\POL@var@coeffs \xintAssignArray\POL@var@coeffs\to#2% % modify \#200 macro to return 0/1[0] for out of range indices \@namedef{\xint_arrayname00}##1##2##3{% \@namedef{\xint_arrayname00}####1{% \ifnum####1>##1 \xint_dothis{ 0/1[0]}\fi \ifnum####1>\m@ne \xint_dothis {\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter##3% \csname##2####1\endcsname}\fi \unless\ifnum-####1>##1 \xint_dothis {\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter##3% \csname##2\the\numexpr##1+####1+\@ne\endcsname}\fi \xint_orthat{ 0/1[0]}}% space stops a \romannumeral0 }% \csname\xint_arrayname00\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\endcsname \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter {\csname\xint_arrayname0\expandafter\endcsname\expandafter}\expandafter {\xint_arrayname}{ }% }% \def\PolGet{}% \def\PolGet#1#2\fromarray#3{% \begingroup % closed in \POL@getfromarray \POL@getfromarray{#1}{#3}% \POL@newpol{#1}% }% \def\POL@getfromarray#1#2{% \count@=#2{0} %<- intentional space \ifnum\count@=\z@ \def\POL@result{-1.\empty{0/1[0]}}% 0.5 fix for empty array \else \xintloop \edef\POL@tmp{#2{\count@}}% \edef\POL@tmp{\xintRaw{\POL@tmp}}% % sadly xinttools (current 1.3a) arrays have no setters for individual items... \expandafter\let\csname POL@tmparray\the\count@\endcsname\POL@tmp \if0\xintiiSgn{\POL@tmp}% \advance\count@\m@ne \repeat \count\tw@\count@ \xintloop \ifnum\count@>\@ne \advance\count@\m@ne \edef\POL@tmp{#2{\count@}}% \edef\POL@tmp{\xintRaw{\POL@tmp}}% \expandafter\let\csname POL@tmparray\the\count@\endcsname\POL@tmp \repeat \count@\count\tw@ \def\POL@tmp##1.{{\csname POL@tmparray##1\endcsname}}% \edef\POL@result{\the\numexpr\count@-\@ne.\noexpand\empty \xintiloop[1+1]% \expandafter\POL@tmp\xintiloopindex.% \ifnum\xintiloopindex<\count@ \repeat}% \fi \expandafter \endgroup \expandafter \XINT_global \expandafter \def\csname POLuserpol@#1\expandafter\endcsname \expandafter{\POL@result}% }% % \def\PolFromCSV#1#2{% \begingroup % closed in \POL@getfromarray \xintAssignArray\xintCSVtoList{#2}\to\POL@arrayA \POL@getfromarray{#1}\POL@arrayA \POL@newpol{#1}% }% % \def\PolMapCoeffs#1#2{% #1 = macro, #2 = name \POL@mapcoeffs{#1}{#2}% \POL@newpol{#2}% }% \def\POL@mapcoeffs#1#2{% \begingroup \def\POL@mapcoeffs@macro{#1}% \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\POL@split \csname POLuserpol@#2\endcsname;\POL@mapcoeffs@deg\POL@mapcoeffs@coeffs % ATTENTION à ne pas faire un \expandafter ici, car brace removal si 1 item \xintAssignArray\POL@mapcoeffs@coeffs\to\POL@arrayA \def\index{0}% \count@\z@ \expandafter\POL@map@loop\expandafter.\POL@mapcoeffs@coeffs\relax \xintloop % this abuses that \POL@arrayA0 is never 0. \xintiiifZero{\csname POL@arrayA\the\count@\endcsname}% {\iftrue}% {\iffalse}% \advance\count@\m@ne \repeat % donc en sortie \count@ est 0 ssi pol nul. \POL@resultfromarray A% \expandafter \endgroup \expandafter \XINT_global \expandafter \def\csname POLuserpol@#2\expandafter\endcsname\expandafter{\POL@result}% }% \def\POL@map@loop.#1{\if\relax#1\expandafter\xint_gob_til_dot\fi \advance\count@\@ne \edef\POL@map@coeff{\POL@mapcoeffs@macro{#1}}% \expandafter \let\csname POL@arrayA\the\count@\endcsname\POL@map@coeff \edef\index{\the\numexpr\index+\@ne}% \POL@map@loop.}% % \def\POL@xintIrr#1{\xintIrr{#1}[0]}% \def\PolReduceCoeffs{\POL@ifstar\POL@sreducecoeffs\POL@reducecoeffs}% \def\POL@reducecoeffs#1{\PolMapCoeffs{\POL@xintIrr}{#1}}% \def\POL@sreducecoeffs#1{\PolMapCoeffs{\xintPIrr}{#1}}% % \def\PolMakeMonic#1{% \edef\POL@leadingcoeff{\PolLeadingCoeff{#1}}% \edef\POL@leadingcoeff@inverse{\xintDiv{1/1[0]}{\POL@leadingcoeff}}% \PolMapCoeffs{\xintMul{\POL@leadingcoeff@inverse}}{#1}% }% % %% \PolMakePrimitive (0.5) % This uses expandable \PolIContent % Note: the integer coefficients stored in A/1[n] form with % A not having trailing zeroes, due to usage of \xintREZ here. \def\POL@makeprim@macro#1% {\xintREZ{\xintNum{\xintDiv{#1}{\POL@makeprim@icontent}}}}% \def\PolMakePrimitive#1{% % This does not need a full user declared polynomial on input, only % a \POLuserpol@name macro, but on output it is fully declared \edef\POL@makeprim@icontent{\PolIContent{#1}}% \PolMapCoeffs\POL@makeprim@macro{#1}% }% \def\POL@makeprimitive#1{% % Avoids declaring the polynomial, internal usage in \PolToSturm \edef\POL@makeprim@icontent{\PolIContent{#1}}% \POL@mapcoeffs\POL@makeprim@macro{#1}% }% % %% Euclidean division % since 0.8 based on the expandable routine from polexprcore.tex % \def\PolDivide#1#2#3#4{% #3=quotient, #4=remainder of #1 by #2 \POL@divide{#1}{#2}% \XINT_global\expandafter\let\csname POLuserpol@#3\endcsname\POL@Q \POL@newpol{#3}% \XINT_global\expandafter\let\csname POLuserpol@#4\endcsname\POL@R \POL@newpol{#4}% }% \def\PolQuo#1#2#3{% #3=quotient of #1 by #2 \POL@divide{#1}{#2}% \XINT_global\expandafter\let\csname POLuserpol@#3\endcsname\POL@Q \POL@newpol{#3}% }% \def\PolRem#1#2#3{% #3=remainder of #1 by #2 \POL@divide{#1}{#2}% \XINT_global\expandafter\let\csname POLuserpol@#3\endcsname\POL@R \POL@newpol{#3}% }% \def\POL@divide#1#2{% % much simpler at 0.8 thanks to our expandable macros \xintAssign\xintPolQuoRem{\POL@tovar{#1}}{\POL@tovar{#2}}\to\POL@Q\POL@R \odef\POL@Q{\romannumeral\expandafter\POL@vartolegacy\POL@Q\xint:}% \odef\POL@R{\romannumeral\expandafter\POL@vartolegacy\POL@R\xint:}% }% %% Euclidean special pseudo-remainder \def\POL@getprem#1#2{% \let\POL@Q\undefined % trap errors in Sturm code update to use \POL@prem % this was simpler before I converted \xintPolPRem into returning a tuple... \odef\POL@R{\romannumeral\expandafter\POL@vartolegacy \romannumeral0\expandafter\xint_stop_atsecondoftwo \romannumeral`&&@\xintPolPRem{\POL@tovar{#1}}{\POL@tovar{#2}}% \xint:}% }% % %%%%%%%%%%%% %% %% Things are currenly implemented twice : here the legacy macros %% such as GCD or Diff, and in polexprcore.tex the expandable %% support macros for the \xinteval interface. %% %% Soon, I will probably remove all legacy code (like I did already %% for division) and make the user macros simple wrappers to the %% expandable code. %% %% But for 0.8 release, I preferred not to yet, as I did not have %% really the time to compare speed. Usage of the "special %% pseudo euclidean remainder" (expandable) code in Sturm chain %% construction proved very beneficial as it divided by 3 the %% \PolToSturm execution time on the Wilkinson perturbed type 1 %% example in the documentation. %% %%%%%%%%%%%% % %% GCD % % It seems I didn't even use here the (now deleted) macros implementing % division, and I redid here what was needed: this code, which I leave % standing as I have other priorities, does not use the \POL@divide ! % \def\PolGCD#1#2#3{% sets #3 to the (unitary) G.C.D. of #1 and #2 \POL@GCD{#1}{#2}{#3}% \POL@newpol{#3}% }% \def\POL@GCD #1#2#3{% \begingroup \expandafter\let\expandafter\POL@A\csname POLuserpol@#1\endcsname \expandafter\let\expandafter\POL@B\csname POLuserpol@#2\endcsname \expandafter\POL@split\POL@A;\POL@degA\POL@polA \expandafter\POL@split\POL@B;\POL@degB\POL@polB \ifnum\POL@degA<\z@ \expandafter\xint_firstoftwo\else\expandafter\xint_secondoftwo \fi {\ifnum\POL@degB<\z@ \expandafter\xint_firstoftwo\else\expandafter\xint_secondoftwo \fi {\def\POL@result{-1.\empty{0/1[0]}}}% {\xintAssignArray\POL@polB\to\POL@arrayB \POL@normalize{B}% \POL@gcd@exit BA}}% {\ifnum\POL@degB<\z@ \expandafter\xint_firstoftwo\else\expandafter\xint_secondoftwo \fi {\xintAssignArray\POL@polA\to\POL@arrayA \POL@normalize{A}% \POL@gcd@exit AB}% {\ifnum\POL@degA<\POL@degB\space \let\POL@tmp\POL@B\let\POL@B\POL@A\let\POL@A\POL@tmp \let\POL@tmp\POL@degB\let\POL@degB\POL@degA\let\POL@degA\POL@tmp \let\POL@tmp\POL@polB\let\POL@polB\POL@polA\let\POL@polA\POL@tmp \fi \xintAssignArray\POL@polA\to\POL@arrayA \xintAssignArray\POL@polB\to\POL@arrayB \POL@gcd AB% }}% \expandafter \endgroup \expandafter \XINT_global \expandafter\def\csname POLuserpol@#3\expandafter\endcsname \expandafter{\POL@result}% }% \def\POL@normalize#1{% \expandafter\def\expandafter\POL@tmp\expandafter {\csname POL@array#1\csname POL@array#10\endcsname\endcsname}% \edef\POL@normalize@leading{\POL@tmp}% \expandafter\def\POL@tmp{1/1[0]}% \count@\csname POL@deg#1\endcsname\space \xintloop \ifnum\count@>\z@ \expandafter\edef\csname POL@array#1\the\count@\endcsname {\xintIrr{\xintDiv {\csname POL@array#1\the\count@\endcsname}% {\POL@normalize@leading}}[0]}% \advance\count@\m@ne \repeat }% \def\POL@gcd#1#2{% \POL@normalize{#2}% \edef\POL@degQ{\the\numexpr\csname POL@deg#1\endcsname -\csname POL@deg#2\endcsname}% \count@\numexpr\csname POL@deg#1\endcsname+\@ne\relax \count\tw@\numexpr\POL@degQ+\@ne\relax \xintloop \POL@gcd@getremainder@loopbody#1#2% \ifnum\count\tw@>\z@ \repeat \expandafter\def\csname POL@array#10\endcsname{1}% \xintloop \xintiiifZero{\csname POL@array#1\the\count@\endcsname}% {\iftrue}% {\iffalse}% \advance\count@\m@ne \repeat \expandafter\edef\csname POL@deg#1\endcsname{\the\numexpr\count@-\@ne}% \ifnum\count@<\@ne \expandafter\POL@gcd@exit \else \expandafter\edef\csname POL@array#10\endcsname{\the\count@}% \expandafter\POL@gcd \fi{#2}{#1}% }% \def\POL@gcd@getremainder@loopbody#1#2{% \edef\POL@gcd@ratio{\csname POL@array#1\the\count@\endcsname}% \advance\count@\m@ne \advance\count\tw@\m@ne \count4 \count@ \count6 \csname POL@deg#2\endcsname\space \xintloop \ifnum\count6>\z@ \expandafter\edef\csname POL@array#1\the\count4\endcsname {\xintSub {\csname POL@array#1\the\count4\endcsname}% {\xintMul {\POL@gcd@ratio}% {\csname POL@array#2\the\count6\endcsname}}}% \advance\count4 \m@ne \advance\count6 \m@ne \repeat }% \def\POL@gcd@exit#1#2{% \count@\numexpr\csname POL@deg#1\endcsname+\@ne\relax \POL@resultfromarray #1% }% % %% DIFFERENTIATION % \def\POL@diff@loop@one #1/#2[#3]#4% {\xintIrr{\xintiiMul{#4}{#1}/#2[0]}[#3]}% \def\POL@diff#1{\POL@diff@loop1.}% \def\POL@diff@loop#1.#2{% \if\relax#2\expandafter\xint_gob_til_dot\fi {\expandafter\POL@diff@loop@one\romannumeral0\xintraw{#2}{#1}}% \expandafter\POL@diff@loop\the\numexpr#1+\@ne.% }% \def\PolDiff{\POL@chkopt\POL@oPolDiff[1]}% \def\POL@oPolDiff[#1]{% % optional parameter is how many times to derivate % first mandatory arg is name of polynomial function to derivate, % same name as in \NewPolExpr % second mandatory arg name of derivative \edef\POL@iterindex{\the\numexpr#1\relax}% \ifnum\POL@iterindex<\z@ \expandafter\xint_firstoftwo \else \expandafter\xint_secondoftwo \fi {\PolAntiDiff[-\POL@iterindex]}{\POL@Diff}% }% \def\POL@Diff{% \ifcase\POL@iterindex\space \expandafter\POL@Diff@no \or\expandafter\POL@Diff@one \else\xint_afterfi{\POL@Iterate\POL@Diff@one}% \fi }% \def\POL@Diff@no #1#2{\POL@let{#2}{#1}}% \def\POL@Diff@one #1#2{\POL@Diff@@one {#1}{#2}\POL@newpol{#2}}% \def\POL@Diff@@one#1#2{% \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\POL@split \csname POLuserpol@#1\endcsname;\POL@var@deg\POL@var@coeffs \ifnum\POL@var@deg<\@ne \XINT_global\@namedef{POLuserpol@#2}{-1.\empty{0/1[0]}}% \else \edef\POL@var@coeffs{\expandafter\POL@diff\POL@var@coeffs\relax}% \XINT_global\expandafter\edef\csname POLuserpol@#2\endcsname {\the\numexpr\POL@var@deg-\@ne.\noexpand\empty\POL@var@coeffs}% \fi }% % lazy way but allows to share with AntiDiff \def\POL@Iterate#1#2#3{% \begingroup \xintverbosefalse #1{#2}{#3}% \xintloop \ifnum\POL@iterindex>\tw@ #1{#3}{#3}% \edef\POL@iterindex{\the\numexpr\POL@iterindex-\@ne}% \repeat \expandafter \endgroup\expandafter \XINT_global \expandafter \def\csname POLuserpol@#3\expandafter\endcsname \expandafter{\romannumeral`&&@\csname POLuserpol@#3\endcsname}% #1{#3}{#3}% }% % %% ANTI-DIFFERENTIATION % \def\POL@antidiff@loop@one #1/#2[#3]#4% {\xintIrr{#1/\xintiiMul{#4}{#2}[0]}[#3]}% \def\POL@antidiff{\POL@antidiff@loop1.}% \def\POL@antidiff@loop#1.#2{% \if\relax#2\expandafter\xint_gob_til_dot\fi {\expandafter\POL@antidiff@loop@one\romannumeral0\xintraw{#2}{#1}}% \expandafter\POL@antidiff@loop\the\numexpr#1+\@ne.% }% \def\PolAntiDiff{\POL@chkopt\POL@oPolAntiDiff[1]}% \def\POL@oPolAntiDiff[#1]{% % optional parameter is how many times to derivate % first mandatory arg is name of polynomial function to derivate, % same name as in \NewPolExpr % second mandatory arg name of derivative \edef\POL@iterindex{\the\numexpr#1\relax}% \ifnum\POL@iterindex<\z@ \expandafter\xint_firstoftwo \else \expandafter\xint_secondoftwo \fi {\PolDiff[-\POL@iterindex]}{\POL@AntiDiff}% }% \def\POL@AntiDiff{% \ifcase\POL@iterindex\space \expandafter\POL@AntiDiff@no \or\expandafter\POL@AntiDiff@one \else\xint_afterfi{\POL@Iterate\POL@AntiDiff@one}% \fi }% \let\POL@AntiDiff@no\POL@Diff@no \def\POL@AntiDiff@one #1#2{\POL@AntiDiff@@one{#1}{#2}\POL@newpol{#2}}% \def\POL@AntiDiff@@one#1#2{% \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\POL@split \csname POLuserpol@#1\endcsname;\POL@var@deg\POL@var@coeffs \ifnum\POL@var@deg<\z@ \XINT_global\@namedef{POLuserpol@#2}{-1.\empty{0/1[0]}}% \else \edef\POL@var@coeffs{\expandafter\POL@antidiff\POL@var@coeffs\relax}% \XINT_global\expandafter\edef\csname POLuserpol@#2\endcsname {\the\numexpr\POL@var@deg+\@ne.\noexpand\empty{0/1[0]}\POL@var@coeffs}% \fi }% % %% %% Localization of roots %% % this is big. It provides also output macros, of both expandable and % non-expandable type \input polexprsturm.tex\relax % % %% Non-expandable output macros % \def\PolTypesetCmdPrefix#1{\xintiiifSgn{#1}{}{+}{+}}% \def\PolTypesetCmd#1{\xintifOne{\xintiiAbs{#1}}% {\ifnum\PolIndex=\z@\xintiiSgn{#1}\else \xintiiifSgn{#1}{-}{}{}\fi \let\PolIfCoeffIsPlusOrMinusOne\xint_firstoftwo}% {\PolTypesetOne{#1}% \let\PolIfCoeffIsPlusOrMinusOne\xint_secondoftwo}% }% \ifdefined\frac \def\PolTypesetOne{\xintTeXsignedFrac}% \else \def\PolTypesetOne{\xintTeXsignedOver}% \fi \catcode`^ 7 % \def\PolTypesetMonomialCmd{% \ifcase\PolIndex\space % \or\PolVar \else\PolVar^{\PolIndex}% \fi }% \catcode`^ 11 % normal xint catcode \def\PolTypeset{\POL@ifstar {\def\POL@ts@ascending{1}\POL@Typeset}% {\def\POL@ts@ascending{0}\POL@Typeset}% }% %% %% \PolTypeset %% %% extended at 0.8 to handle arbitrary expressions on input %% \def\POL@Typeset{\POL@chkopt\POL@oPOL@Typeset[x]}% \def\POL@oPOL@Typeset[#1]#2{% \ifmmode\let\POL@endtypeset\empty\else$\def\POL@endtypeset{$}\fi \ifcsname POLuserpol@#2\endcsname \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\POL@split \csname POLuserpol@#2\endcsname;\POL@var@deg\POL@var@coeffs \else \xintAssign\expandafter\xint_firstofone\romannumeral0\xintbareeval subs((deg(x),coeffs(x)),x=subs(#2,\PolToExprInVar=pol([0,1])))\relax \to\POL@var@deg\POL@var@coeffs \fi \if\POL@ts@ascending1% \def\PolIndex{0}% \let\POL@ts@reverse\xint_firstofone \let\POL@@ne@or@m@ne\@ne \else \let\PolIndex\POL@var@deg \ifnum\PolIndex<\z@\def\PolIndex{0}\fi \let\POL@ts@reverse\xintRevWithBraces \let\POL@@ne@or@m@ne\m@ne \fi \def\PolVar{#1}% \ifnum\POL@var@deg<\z@ \PolTypesetCmd{0/1[0]}\PolTypesetMonomialCmd \else \ifnum\POL@var@deg=\z@ \expandafter\PolTypesetCmd\POL@var@coeffs\PolTypesetMonomialCmd \else \def\POL@ts@prefix##1{\let\POL@ts@prefix\PolTypesetCmdPrefix}% \expandafter\POL@ts@loop \romannumeral-`0\POL@ts@reverse{\POL@var@coeffs}\relax \fi \fi \POL@endtypeset }% \def\POL@ts@loop{\ifpoltypesetall\expandafter\xint_firstoftwo \else\expandafter\xint_secondoftwo\fi {\POL@ts@nocheck}{\POL@ts@check}.% }% \def\POL@ts@check.#1{% \if\relax#1\expandafter\xint_gob_til_dot\fi \xintiiifZero{#1}% {}% {\POL@ts@prefix{#1}\PolTypesetCmd{#1}\PolTypesetMonomialCmd}% \edef\PolIndex{\the\numexpr\PolIndex+\POL@@ne@or@m@ne}\POL@ts@check.% }% \def\POL@ts@nocheck.#1{% \if\relax#1\expandafter\xint_gob_til_dot\fi \POL@ts@prefix{#1}\PolTypesetCmd{#1}\PolTypesetMonomialCmd \edef\PolIndex{\the\numexpr\PolIndex+\POL@@ne@or@m@ne}\POL@ts@nocheck.% }% % %% %% Expandable output macros (legacy) %% \def\POL@eval@fork#1\At#2#3\krof{#2}% \def\PolEval#1#2#3{\romannumeral`&&@\POL@eval@fork #2\PolEvalAt \At\PolEvalAtExpr\krof {#1}{#3}% }% \def\PolEvalAt#1#2{% \xintpraw{\csname XINT_expr_polfunc_#1\endcsname{#2}}% }% \def\POL@eval#1#2{% \csname XINT_expr_polfunc_#1\endcsname{#2}% }% \def\PolEvalAtExpr#1#2{\xinttheexpr #1(#2)\relax}% % \def\PolEvalReduced#1#2#3{\romannumeral`&&@\POL@eval@fork #2\PolEvalReducedAt \At\PolEvalReducedAtExpr\krof {#1}{#3}% }% \def\PolEvalReducedAt#1#2{% \xintpraw % in order not to print denominator if the latter equals 1 {\xintIrr{\csname XINT_expr_polfunc_#1\endcsname{#2}}[0]}% }% \def\PolEvalReducedAtExpr#1#2{% \xintpraw {\expandafter\xintIrr\romannumeral`&&@\xintthebareeval#1(#2)\relax[0]}% }% % \def\PolFloatEval#1#2#3{\romannumeral`&&@\POL@eval@fork #2\PolFloatEvalAt \At\PolFloatEvalAtExpr\krof {#1}{#3}% }% \def\PolFloatEvalAt#1#2{% \xintpfloat{\csname XINT_flexpr_polfunc_#1\endcsname{#2}}% }% \def\PolFloatEvalAtExpr#1#2{\xintthefloatexpr #1(#2)\relax}% \def\PolLeadingCoeff#1{% \romannumeral`&&@\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\xintlastitem \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter {\csname POLuserpol@#1\endcsname}% }% % \def\PolNthCoeff#1#2{\romannumeral`&&@% \expandafter\POL@nthcoeff \romannumeral0\xintnthelt{\ifnum\numexpr#2<\z@#2\else(#2)+1\fi}% {\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter \xint_gob_til_dot\csname POLuserpol@#1\endcsname}@% }% \def\POL@nthcoeff#1@{\if @#1@\expandafter\xint_firstoftwo \else\expandafter\xint_secondoftwo\fi {0/1[0]}{#1}}% % % returns -1 for zero polynomial for context of numerical expression % should it return -\infty? \def\PolDegree#1{\romannumeral`&&@\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter \POL@degree\csname POLuserpol@#1\endcsname;}% \def\POL@degree #1.#2;{#1}% % \def\PolToList#1{\romannumeral`&&@\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter \xint_gob_til_dot\csname POLuserpol@#1\endcsname}% % \def\PolToCSV#1{\romannumeral0\xintlistwithsep{, }{\PolToList{#1}}}% % % \PolIContent (0.5) % Why did I call this IContent and not Content? Ah, I see, Maple terminology! % But I realize now I misread in 2018 the Maple doc, its icontent() is the gcd % of all coeffs of a multivariate polynomial. Whereas content(,) second argument % specifies which variable to consider expression as being univariate in it. % Refactored at 0.8 as xint 1.4 has a backported fractional gcd % (itself refactored at 1.4d) \def\POL@icontent#1{\romannumeral0\expandafter\XINT_fgcd_out \romannumeral0\expandafter\XINT_fgcdof\romannumeral`&&@#1^}% % Since xintexpr 1.4d, \xintGCDof always outputs an irreducible fraction A/B. % (with B=1 if A/B integer). \def\PolIContent#1{\xintGCDof{\PolToList{#1}}}% % \def\PolToExprCmd#1{\xintPRaw{\xintRawWithZeros{#1}}}% \def\PolToFloatExprCmd#1{\xintPFloat{#1}}% CHANGED AT 0.8.2! was \xintFloat % \def\PolTypesetCmdPrefix#1{\xintiiifSgn{#1}{}{+}{+}}% \let\PolToExprTermPrefix\PolTypesetCmdPrefix \def\PolToExprOneTermStyleA#1#2{% \ifnum#2=\z@ \PolToExprCmd{#1}% \else \xintifOne{\xintiiAbs{#1}} {\xintiiifSgn{#1}{-}{}{}}% + from \PolToExprTermPrefix {\PolToExprCmd{#1}\PolToExprTimes}% \fi \ifcase\xintiiAbs{#2} %<-- space here mandatory \or\PolToExprVar \else\PolToExprVar\PolToExprCaret\xintiiAbs{#2}% \fi }% \let\PolToExprOneTerm\PolToExprOneTermStyleA \def\PolToExprOneTermStyleB#1#2{% \ifnum#2=\z@ \xintNumerator{#1}% \else \xintifOne{\xintiiAbs{\xintNumerator{#1}}} {\xintiiifSgn{#1}{-}{}{}}% + from \PolToExprTermPrefix {\xintNumerator{#1}\PolToExprTimes}% \fi \ifcase\xintiiAbs{#2} %<-- space here mandatory \or\PolToExprVar \else\PolToExprVar\PolToExprCaret\xintiiAbs{#2}% \fi \xintiiifOne{\xintDenominator{#1}}{}{/\xintDenominator{#1}}% }% \def\PolToFloatExprOneTerm#1#2{% \ifnum#2=\z@ \PolToFloatExprCmd{#1}% \else \PolToFloatExprCmd{#1}\PolToExprTimes \fi \ifcase\xintiiAbs{#2} %<-- space here mandatory \or\PolToExprVar \else\PolToExprVar\PolToExprCaret\xintiiAbs{#2}% \fi }% \def\PolToExprTimes{*}% \def\PolToExprVar{x}% \def\PolToExprInVar{x}% \edef\PolToExprCaret{\string ^}% %% %% \PolToExpr %% %% extended at 0.8 to handle arbitrary expressions on input %% \def\PolToExpr#1{% \if*\noexpand#1\expandafter\xint_firstoftwo\else \expandafter\xint_secondoftwo\fi \PolToExprAscending\PolToExprDescending{#1}}% \def\PolToFloatExpr#1{% \if*\noexpand#1\expandafter\xint_firstoftwo\else \expandafter\xint_secondoftwo\fi \PolToFloatExprAscending\PolToFloatExprDescending{#1}}% \def\PolToExpr@getit#1% {% \ifcsname XINT_expr_varvalue_#1\endcsname \csname XINT_expr_varvalue_#1\expandafter\endcsname \else \expandafter\xint_firstofone\romannumeral0% \xintbareeval subs(#1,\PolToExprInVar=pol([0,1]))\expandafter\relax \fi }% \def\PolToExprAscending#1#2{% \expandafter\POL@toexpr\romannumeral0\PolToExpr@getit{#2}% \PolToExprOneTerm\POL@toexprA }% \def\PolToFloatExprAscending#1#2{% \expandafter\POL@toexpr\romannumeral0\PolToExpr@getit{#2}% \PolToFloatExprOneTerm\POL@toexprA }% \def\PolToExprDescending#1{% \expandafter\POL@toexpr\romannumeral0\PolToExpr@getit{#1}% \PolToExprOneTerm\POL@toexprD }% \def\PolToFloatExprDescending#1{% \expandafter\POL@toexpr\romannumeral0\PolToExpr@getit{#1}% \PolToFloatExprOneTerm\POL@toexprD }% \def\POL@toexpr#1#2#3{\POL@toexpr@fork#3#2#1\relax}% \def\POL@toexpr@fork #1#2#3{% \POL_Pfork #3\POL@toexpr@pol P\POL@toexpr@cst \krof #1#2#3% }% \def\POL@toexpr@cst#1#2#3\relax{#2{#3}{0}}% \def\POL@toexpr@pol#1#2P#3.{#1{#3}#2\empty}% % now back to legacy pre 0.8 code \def\POL@toexprA #1#2\empty#3{% \ifpoltoexprall\expandafter\POL@toexprall@b \else\expandafter\POL@toexpr@b \fi {#3}#2{0}1.% }% \def\POL@toexprD #1#2#3\relax{% #3 has \empty to prevent brace removal \expandafter\POL@toexprD@a\expandafter#2% \the\numexpr #1\expandafter.\romannumeral0\xintrevwithbraces{#3}\relax }% \def\POL@toexprD@a #1#2.#3{% \ifpoltoexprall\expandafter\POL@toexprall@b \else\expandafter\POL@toexpr@b \fi{#3}#1{-#2}\the\numexpr\@ne+-#2.% }% \def\POL@toexpr@b #1#2#3{% \xintiiifZero{#1}% {\expandafter\POL@toexpr@loop\expandafter\POL@toexpr@b}% {#2{#1}{#3}% \expandafter\POL@toexpr@loop\expandafter\POL@toexpr@c}% \expandafter#2% }% \def\POL@toexpr@c #1#2#3{% \xintiiifZero{#1}% {}% {\PolToExprTermPrefix{#1}#2{#1}{#3}}% \expandafter\POL@toexpr@loop\expandafter\POL@toexpr@c \expandafter#2% }% \def\POL@toexprall@b #1#2#3{% #2{#1}{#3}% \expandafter\POL@toexpr@loop\expandafter\POL@toexprall@c \expandafter#2% }% \def\POL@toexprall@c #1#2#3{% \PolToExprTermPrefix{#1}#2{#1}{#3}% \expandafter\POL@toexpr@loop\expandafter\POL@toexprall@c \expandafter#2% }% \def\POL@toexpr@loop#1#2#3.#4{% \if\relax#4\expandafter\xint_gob_til_dot\fi #1{#4}#2{#3}\the\numexpr\@ne+#3.% }% \XINTrestorecatcodesendinput%