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Title: Across Unknown South America

Author: Arnold Henry Savage Landor

Release Date: August 31, 2007 [EBook #22483]

Language: English

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*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ACROSS UNKNOWN SOUTH AMERICA ***




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Cover

 


 

 

 

ACROSS UNKNOWN

SOUTH AMERICA

BY

A. HENRY SAVAGE-LANDOR

WITH 2 MAPS, 8 COLOURED PLATES, AND 260 ILLUSTRATIONS
FROM PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHOR

IN TWO VOLUMES

HODDER AND STOUGHTON
LONDON NEW YORK TORONTO

 


 

The Author.

The Author.

 


Printed in 1913
Copyright in the United States of America
by A. Henry Savage-Landor


THIS WORK IS DEDICATED

to

THE PEOPLE

of the

GREAT BRAZILIAN REPUBLIC


CONTENTS

VOL. I

ChapterParagraph DescriptionPp.
PREFACE v-xiii
CONTENTS xv-xviii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xix-xxiv
I The Heart of Brazil—Brazil, its Size and its Immense Wealth—Rio de Janeiro—Brazilian Men of Genius—São Paulo—The Bandeirantes—The Paulista Railway 1-25
II Coffee—The Dumont Railway 26-37
III On the Mogyana Railway 38-51
IV The Terminus of the Railway—An Unpleasant Incident—The Purchase of Animals—On the March with the Caravan 52-68
V Travelling across Country—A Musical Genius—Valuable Woods—Thermal Springs 69-85
VI Inquisitiveness—Snakes—A Wonderful Cure—Butterflies—A Striking Scene 86-101
VII In the City of Goyaz 102-117
VIII Fourteen Long and Weary Days—Disappointment—Criminals as Followers 118-131
IX The Departure—Devoured by Insects 132-148
X Fishing—Termites—The Great Araguaya River 149-159
XI The Tucano—Fish of the Araguaya River—A Bad Shot—A Strange Sight 160-178
XII Geological Speculation—Beautiful Pasture-land 179-195
XIII The River Barreiros—A Country of Tablelands 196-206
XIV The Bororo Indians 207-223
XV Bororo Superstitions—The Bororo Language—Bororo Music 224-241
XVI Bororo Legends—The Religion of the Bororos—Funeral Rites 242-263
XVII The River Das Garças—Majestic Scenery 264-279
XVIII The Salesian Fathers—A Volcanic Zone 280-291
XIX The Paredão Grande—A Cañon—A Weird Phenomenon—Troublesome Insects 292-310
XX Wild Animals—An Immense Chasm—Interesting Cloud Effects 311-327
XXI A Beautiful Lagoon—Strange Lunar Display—Waves of Lava—Curious Grottoes—Rock Carvings—A Beautiful Waterfall 328-343
XXII In Search of the Highest Point of the Brazilian Plateau—Mutiny—Great Domes—Travelling by Compass—A Gigantic Fissure in the Earth's Crust 344-358
XXIII The Jangada River—Demented Descendants of Slaves—Appalling Degeneration—Giant Monoliths—The River Roncador—Gigantic Natural Gateways—The Discovery of Fossils 359-376
XXIV A Swampy Valley—Impressive Scenery—"Church Rock"—Escaping before a Forest Fire—The Rio Manso—Difficulties of marching across Virgin Country—Beautiful Rapids 377-398
XXV The Blue Mountains—The Cuyabá River—Inaccurate Maps—A Rebellion in Camp—Infamy of Author's Followers—The Lagõa dos Veados and the Seven Lakes—Falling Back on Diamantino—Another Mutiny—Slavery—Descending from the Tableland 399-432

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

VOL. I

 Page
The AuthorPhotogravure Frontispiece
Rio de Janeiro, showing the beautiful Avenida Central4
Rio de Janeiro as it was in 19038
Dr. Pedro de Toledo, Minister of Agriculture, Brazil12
Senador Alcindo Guanabara, a great Literary Genius and Patriot of Brazil16
The Municipal Theatre, Rio de Janeiro20
Baron de Rio Branco24
Dr. Passos28
A Beautiful Waterfall at Theresopolis32
Antonio Prado's Coffee Estate32
The Station and Shed of the Goyaz Railway, Araguary. Mr. Luiz Schnoor and his two Engineers48
Typical Trees of the Brazilian Forest, Goyaz. The Stem devoid of Branches and Foliage up to a great Height48
Author departing from Morro da Meza, showing style of Costume worn during the Expedition56
Alcides and Filippe the Negro56
Goyaz Railway in Construction: the Cut leading to the Paranahyba River64
Author's Caravan crossing a Stream64
Characteristic Types of Brazilians of the Interior. (Notice the Degenerate Faces and Development of Goitre)68
A Typical Village of the Province of Goyaz68
Picturesque Ox-carts of Goyaz76
A Home in Central Brazil80
A Clever Automatic Pounding Machine80
Brazilian Pack-saddles88
A Typical Village. (The Higher Building is the Church)88
Author's Caravan about to cross the River Corumba96
Burity Palms96
The President of Goyaz and his Family. (Giant Cactus in the background)100
The Main Square of Goyaz City, showing Prison and Public Library108
Some of the Baggage and Scientific Instruments used by Author on his Expedition108
Author's Six Followers112
View of Goyaz City from Sta. Barbara120
Author's Men packing Animals120
Some of Author's Pack Animals128
Author's Caravan across the Immense Prairies of Matto Grosso144
The Araguaya River (looking North)152
The Araguaya (looking South)152
Caraja Indian of the Upper Araguaya River160
Typical Flat-topped Plateau of Central Brazil168
One Night's Fishing on the Araguaya168
The Paredãozinho176
Typical Scenery of Matto Grosso176
Volcanic Scenery of Matto Grosso (Chapada in foreground)184
Peculiar Formation of Central Plateau184
Curious Domes of Lava with Upper Stratum of Earth, Sand and Ashes192
Great Undulating Campos of Matto Grosso192
Typical Brazilian Plateau, showing Work of Erosion200
On the Plateau of Matto Grosso (Alcides in foreground)200
A Fine Bororo Type on a Visit To Author's Camp208
Bororo Men, showing Lip Ornament216
Bororo Men216
Bororo Indians224
Bororo Men (the Aprons are not actually worn)228
Bororo Warriors232
Bororo Warriors232
The Horrors of Photography: Bororo Children236
Bororo Chief rattling Gourds filled with Pebbles, in order to call Members of his Tribe (Coloured Plate)238
Bororo Child showing strong Malay Characteristics240
Bororo Girls244
Bororo Girls (side view)244
Bororo Women, showing Method of carrying Children248
Bororos showing Formation of Hands248
Bororo Women252
Bororo Women252
Bororos Thrashing Indian Corn256
A Bororo Blind Woman256
Bororo Children260
Bororo Women260
Isolated Conical Hills with Tower-like Rocky Formations on Summit268
The Endless Campos of Matto Grosso268
Geometrical Pattern on the Surface of a Flow of Lava (caused by Sudden Contraction in Cooling)272
The Observatory at the Salesian Colony. (Padre Colbacchini in the Foreground)280
Bororo Women and Children280
Strange Formation of Volcanic Rock288
Volcanic Cavities (Matto Grosso)288
A Vertical Mass of Solid Rock of a Brilliant Red Colour292
The Paredão Grande (Matto Grosso) (Coloured Plate)294
The Paredão Grande, showing Vertical Rocks with Great Arches300
Mushroom-shaped Rocks of Volcanic Formation308
A Great Earthquake Fissure in the Terrestrial Crust (Matto Grosso)308
Strange Geometrical Pattern of Lava over Giant Volcanic Dome316
Author's Troop of Animals wading across a Shallow Stream324
Central Cluster of Trees and Palms in a Cuvette (Matto Grosso)332
A Giant Wave of Lava332
Strange Rock-Carvings of Matto Grosso336
Weird Lunar Effect witnessed by Author (Coloured Plate)340
A Giant Quadrangular Block of Rock344
Rock-Carvings in Matto Grosso344
A Picturesque Waterfall on the S. Lourenço River352
A Cañon of Matto Grosso356
How Author's Animals rolled down Trailless Ravines360
Hideous Types characteristic of Central Brazil. Two Women (Left) and Two Men (Right)364
Author's Caravan marching across Trailless Country368
The Roncador River368
Fossil Skull of a Giant Animal discovered by Author (Side View)376
Fossil Skull of Giant Animal (seen from Underneath)376
A Grand Rock ("Church Rock")384
Church Rock (Side View)384
Quadrangular Rocky Mountain connected by Natural Wall of Rock with the Vertical-sided Range in Background388
Quadrangular Rocky Mountain showing Rocky Wall connecting it with the Neighbouring Range392
Author's Caravan in the Heart of Matto Grosso392
A Giant Dome of Lava396
Campos and Chapada of Matto Grosso396
Marvellous Scenery of the Central Brazilian Plateau. "Church Rock" standing in the Centre (Coloured Plate)400
A Street of Diamantino404
The Dogs of the Expedition404
Matto-Grosso Girl, a Mixture of Portuguese, Indian and Negro Blood412
Brazilian Child, a Mixture of Portuguese and Negro412
Map showing Author's Route432
Map showing the Arinos and Arinos-Juruena Rivers432

 

The Mouth of the Putamayo River.

The Mouth of the Putamayo River.

 


CONTENTS

VOL. II

ChapterParagraph DescriptionPp.
CONTENTS iii-viii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix-xvi
I The River Arinos—A Rickety Canoe—Mapping the River—The Siphonia Elastica—Rubber and its Collection—An Enormously Rich Country—A German in Slavery 1-15
II Hoisting the British Flag—An Escaped Slave—A Dilemma—Benedicto—The Lutra Brasiliensis—The Seringueiros—A Marvellous River—Rapids 16-32
III Dangerous Navigation—Eddies—Whirlpools—An Extraordinary Creature—The Man X—Pedro de Toledo Island—An Interesting Rodent 33-50
IV Oleo Pardo Trees—Beautiful Palms—The River Bottom—Swarms of Butterflies—Millions of Bees—A Continuous Torture 51-61
V Great Islands—The Trinchão Fish—A Fisherman's Paradise—Alastor Island—Plentiful Rubber—The Civilized Man's Idea of the Tropical Forest—The War-Cries of the Indians—Swarms of Bees and Butterflies 62-75
VI The Tapirus Americanus—Striking Scenery—The Mate Tree—Photography in Camp—Brazilian Way of Reasoning—A New Christopher Columbus—The Selection of our Camps—Beautiful Fruit—A Large Tributary 76-91
VII Ideal Islands—Immense Figueira Trees—The "Spider Monkey"—Great Variety of Fish in the Arinos—The Rocky Gateway into Diabolical Waters—Shooting Dangerous Rapids—Cutting a Way through the Forest—A Nasty Rapid—Plentiful Fish 92-111
VIII Magnificent Basins—Innumerable Rapids—Narrow Escapes—The Destructive Sauba Ants—Disobedient Followers—A Range of Mountains—Inquisitive Monkeys—Luck in Fishing—Rocky Barriers—Venus 112-128
IX Dogs—Macaws—Crocodiles—A Serious Accident: Men flung into a Whirlpool—The Loss of Provisions and Valuable Baggage—More Dangerous Rapids—Wonderful Scenery—Dangerous Work—On the Edge of a Waterfall—A Risky Experience—Bravery of Author's Brazilian Followers—A High Wind from the North-East—A Big Lake 129-150
X The Point of Junction of the Arinos and Juruena Rivers—Elfrida Landor Island—Terrible Days of Navigation—Immense Islands—An Old Indian Camp—A Fight between a Dog and an Ariranha—George Rex Island—A Huge Sucuriú Snake 151-164
XI A Family of Ariranhas—Attacked by them—Three Nasty Rapids—Beautiful Sand Beaches—Exciting Experiences—Going down a Thundering Cataract—Alcides' Narrow Escape—A Night's Work in the Midst of a Foaming Rapid in order to rescue the half-submerged Canoe—Filippe's Courage—Visited by a Snake 20 ft. long 165-181
XII A Tiny Globular Cloudlet warning us—Tossed in a Merciless Manner—Saved by Providence—Vicious Waters—A Diabolical Spot—A Highly Dangerous Crossing—A Terrible Channel—More Bad Rapids—On the Verge of a Fatal Drop down a Waterfall—Saved in Time—A Magnificent Sight—The August Falls—A Mutiny—The Canoe, weighing 2,000 lb., taken across the Forest over a Hill-range 182-206
XIII A Double Whirlpool—Incessant Rapids of Great Magnitude—A Dangerous Channel—Nothing to Eat—Another Disaster 207-219
XIV In the Hands of Providence—A Mutiny—Another Mutiny—Foodless—Hard and Dangerous Work—A Near Approach to Hades—Making an Artificial Channel among Thousands of Boulders—An Awe-inspiring Scene—The Fall of S. Simão—A Revolt 220-234
XV Mutiny and Threats—Wasted Efforts—Awful Waters—The Canoe escapes in a Violent Rapid—Another Mutiny—The Canoe recovered—An Appalling Vortex—The Fall of S. Simão—Cutting an Artificial Channel in the Rocks 235-248
XVI At Death's Door—Mundurucu Indians—All Author's Followers poisoned by Wild Fruit—Anxious Moments—Seringueiros—A Dying Jewish Trader—The Mori Brothers—A New Hat—Where the Tres Barras meets the Arinos-Juruena—The Canoe abandoned 249-265
XVII A Fiscal Agency—Former Atrocities—The Apiacar Indians—Plentiful Rubber—Unexploited Regions—Precious Fossils thrown away by Author's Followers—A Terrific Storm—Author's Canoe dashed to pieces—The Mount St. Benedicto 266-277
XVIII Starting across the Virgin Forest—Cutting the Way incessantly—A Rugged, Rocky Plateau—Author's Men throw away the Supplies of Food—Attacked by Fever—Marching by Compass—Poisoned—Author's Men break down—Author proceeds across Forest endeavouring to reach the Madeira River—A Dramatic Scene 278-298
XIX Benedicto and Filippe show Courage—Confronted with a Mountainous Country—Steep Ravines—No Food—Painful Marches—Starving—Ammunition rendered useless by Moisture—The "Pros" and "Cons" of Smoking—A Faint Hope—A Forged Tin which should have contained Anchovies—Curious Effects of Starvation upon the Brain—Where Money is of no avail—Why there was Nothing to eat in the Forest—The Sauba Ants—Sniffed by a Jaguar—Filippe tries to commit Suicide 299-320
XX Benedicto and the Honey—Constantly collapsing from Exhaustion—A Strange Accident—Finding a River—People's Mistaken Ideas—Sixteen Days of Starvation—An Abandoned Hut—Repairing a Broken-down Canoe—Canoe founders—A Raft constructed of Glass 321-338
XXI The Launching of the Glass Raft—Accidents—The Raft sinking—Saved—Our First Solid Meal—Its Consequences—The Canuma and Secundury Rivers—Marching back across the Forest to the Relief of the Men left behind—A Strange Mishap—A Curious Case of Telepathy 339-364
XXII Baggage Saved—The Journey down the Tapajoz River—Colonel Brazil—Wrecked—From Itaituba to the Amazon—Benedicto and the Man X are discharged 365-385
XXIII Santarem to Belem (Pará)—The Amazon—From Belem to Manaos—The Madeira-Mamore Railway 386-404
XXIV Attacked by Beri-beri—A Journey up the Madeira River to the Relief of Filippe the Negro and Recovery of Valuable Baggage left with him—Filippe paid off—A Journey up the River Solimões—Iquitos 405-418
XXV From Iquitos to the Foot of the Andes up the Rivers Ucayalli, Pachitea and Pichis—The Cashibos or "Vampire Indians" 419-438
XXVI Across the Andes—The End of the Trans-continental Journey 439-457
XXVII The Peruvian Corporation Railway—The Land of the Incas—Lake Titicaca—Bolivia—Chile—The Argentine—A Last Narrow Escape—Back in England 458-476
APPENDIX Some of the Principal Plants of Brazil—Mammals—Birds—Fish—Reptiles—Vocabularies 477-496
INDEX 497-504

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

VOL. II

 Page
The Mouth of the Putamayo River (Coloured Plate)Frontispiece
Rubber Tree showing Incisions and the Collar and Tin Cup for the Collection of the Latex4
Coagulating Rubber into a Ball4
Balls of Rubber outside a Seringueiro's Hut8
Method of pressing Rubber into Cakes, the Alum Process of Coagulation being used8
The Upper Arinos River12
The Arinos River above the Rapids12
The First Rocks in the Arinos River20
Enormous Globular Rocks typical of the Arinos River20
A Rocky Barrier in the River24
A Picturesque Double Waterfall on the Arinos River24
An Island of the Arinos River28
Vegetation on an Island in the River Arinos28
Preparing the Canoe to descend a Rapid36
A Cataract on the Arinos River36
A Rapid on the Arinos River44
Taking the Canoe through a Narrow Channel44
A Formidable Vortex64
Going down a Violent Rapid in a Narrow Channel64
The Result of Half an Hour's Fishing on the Arinos-Juruena84
Leading the Canoe down a Rapid by Rope92
Characteristic Rocky Barrier across the Arinos River (Author's Sextant in Foreground)92
Whirlpool at End of Rapid100
In Shallow Water100
Fishing on the Arinos: a Jahu104
Fish of the Arinos River104
A Fine Cataract on the Arinos-Juruena River108
Preparing the Canoe prior to descending a Rapid112
A Nasty Rapid112
A Giant Central Wave emerging from a Narrow Channel116
A Dangerous Rapid120
Taking the Canoe and Part of the Baggage down a Narrow Passage among Rocks120
The Canoe being led down a Rapid124
Crocodile about to attack one of the Dogs of the Expedition. Photographed by Author at a Distance of Three Metres (Rio Arinos-Juruena)128
Terrifying Rapid shot by Author and his Men in their Canoe132
Author's Men shooting a Crocodile136
A Cataract in the River Arinos140
Author's Canoe among Great Volcanic Rocks140
Preparing to descend a Rapid144
A Cataract in the Arinos River144
Lake formed where the Arinos and Juruena Rivers meet148
Going through a Rapid148
Author's Canoe going down a Cataract152
The Immense Waves encountered by Author in emerging from the Channel, in the Rapid of the Inferno. (The Canoe with its Occupants shot up Vertically in the Air)156
A Giant Sucurí Snake with Entire Deer contained in its Digestive Organs160
An Easy Rapid164
Going through a Narrow Channel164
A Dangerous Vortex168
Preparing the Canoe to go down a Rapid168
A Narrow Passage in the Arinos River172
Treble Vortex. (The Water revolved in Three Different Directions in Succession)172
At the August Falls176
Author and His Men in Water up to their Necks for an Entire Night endeavouring to save their Canoe, which in shooting a Rapid had become stuck between Rocks (Coloured Plate)178
The Salto Augusto from Above192
The Upper Terrace of the August Waterfall184
Interesting Geological Formation below the Salto Augusto188
The Salto Augusto (Upper Terrace)192
Foliated Rock below the August Falls196
The Wooden Railway constructed by Author in order to take the Canoe Overland for Two and a Half Kilometres at the August Falls200
Formation of Rock below the August Falls200
Photograph showing the Road cut by Author across the Forest in order to take the Heavy Canoe Overland204
Conveying the Canoe across the Forest on Improvised Railway and Rollers208
Pushing the Canoe Uphill through the Forest. (Notice Men With Heads wrapped owing to Torturing Insects)212
Conveying the Canoe, weighing 2,000 lb., over a Hill Range—The Descent216
Author's Canoe being made to travel across the Forest220
Distant View showing Both Falls at the Salto Augusto224
Launching the Canoe after its Journey over a Hill Range224
A Most Dangerous Rapid navigated by Author and his Men228
Letting the Canoe jump a Rapid232
Artificial Canal made by Author and his Men in order to take their Canoe along where the River was Impassable236
Rapid through which Author took his Canoe240
Conveying the Canoe by Hand down a Rapid244
Canoe being taken along an Artificial Canal made by Author and his Men248
A Moment of Suspense: Author and his Men in their Canoe going through a Narrow Channel between Vertical Walls of Rock. The Water forced through from Three Large Arms of the River joining at that Point formed a High and Dangerous Central Wave (Coloured Plate)250
Conveying the Canoe through the Forest. (Notice the Side of the Canoe split and stuffed with Pieces of Cloth)252
Leading the Empty Canoe down a Dangerous Channel. (Photographed a Few Seconds before the Rope snapped and Canoe escaped)256
The S. Simão Waterfall260
The Huge Canoe being taken through a Small Artificial Canal made in the Rocks by the Author and his Men264
Mundurucu Indians268
Author taking Astronomical Observations on a Sandy Beach of the River Arinos-Juruena272
Where the Rivers Arinos-Juruena and S. Manoel meet276
José Maracati, Chief of the Mundurucus, Tapajoz276
Apiacar Boy280
Apiacar Indian280
Apiacar Women284
Mundurucu Women288
Apiacar Children288
Raft constructed by the Author in order to navigate the Canuma River with his Two Companions of Starvation (Coloured Plate)336
Canoe made of the Bark of the Burity Palm340
Indians of the Madeira River340
Caripuna Indians348
Indian Idols of the Putumayo District348
Trading Boats landing Balls of Rubber, River Tapajoz352
Itaituba356
A Trading Boat on the Tapajoz River360
The S.S. "Commandante Macedo"360
Colonel R. P. Brazil and his Charming Wife364
Where the Madeira-Mamore Railway begins368
Madeira-Mamore Railway, showing Cut through Tropical Forest368
Bolivian Rubber at Abuna Station on the Madeira-Mamore Railway372
The Inauguration Train on the Madeira-Mamore Railway372
Wreck of the "Mamoria" in the Calderão of the Solimões River376
Indians of the Putumayo District. (Dr. Rey de Castro, Peruvian Consul at Manaos in the Centre of Photograph)376
A Street in Iquitos380
The Launch "Rimac" on the Ucayalli River380
A Trail in the Andes384
Campas Indian Children388
Campas Old Woman and her Son392
Campas Indian Woman396
Campas Woman400
Campas Man, Woman and Child400
The Ucayalli River402
The Launch on which Author travelled almost to the Foot of the Andes402
Campas Family wading across a Stream404
A Farmhouse on the Andes404
On the Andes: an Elevated Trail overlooking a Foaming Torrent. (See Arch cut in Rock)406
La Mercedes410
The Avenue of Eucalypti near the Town of Tarma (Andes)410
On the Andes412
A Street of Tarma412
The Market-Place, Tarma414
The Highest Point where Author crossed the Andes before Reaching the Railway at Oroya416
Oroya420
Oroya, the Highest Railway Station in the World420
In the Andes at 16,000 Feet above the Sea Level422
The Highest Point of the Oroya Railway: the Galera Tunnel422
The Oroya Railway (A Great Spring emerging from the Mountain-side)424
Beautiful Scenery on the Peruvian Corporation Railway to Cuzco, Peru424
A. B. Leguia, the President of the Peruvian Republic426
The American Observatory, Arequipa, and Mount Misti, Peru428
On the Peruvian Corporation Railway on the way to Cuzco428
A Beautiful Example of Ancient Spanish Wood-carving, Peru432
Wonderful Example of Old Spanish Wood-Carving, Peru434
On the way to Cuzco: Railway Bridge partly carried away by Swollen River436
Great Sand Dunes along the Peruvian Corporation Railway to Cuzco438
Inca Bath or Fountain438
Cuzco: Llamas in Foreground440
A Famous Inca Wall, Cuzco. (The various Rocks fit so Perfectly that no mortar was used to keep them in Place)442
Inca Three-Walled Fortress of Sacsayhuaman, Cuzco444
The Inca Temple of the Sun, with Spanish Superstructure446
Inca Doorway, Cuzco446
Inca Steps carved in a Dome of Rock, Cuzco. (Fortress noticeable in the Distance)448
The "Round Table" of the Incas452
Entrance to Inca Subterranean Passages452
Inca Place of Amusement: a Toboggan Slide of Rock454
An Inca Grave, Bolivia454
Inca Remains near Cuzco456
Where a Stone Fight took place in the Inca Country. (Notice the Innumerable Rocks which have been thrown down the Hill from the High Inca Structure)458
Entrance to Inca Subterranean Passages458
The Great Inca Ruins of Viraccocha, in Tinta (Cuzco)460
Inca Pottery, Weapons and Ornaments of Gold and Copper464
Inca Towers of Sillistayni, Puño (Lake Titicaca)468
An Inca Statue, Bolivia468
Lake Titicaca470
Guaqui, the Port for La Paz on Lake Titicaca470
On the Andes474
Llamas in Bolivia476
Borax Deposits, Bolivia476

 

Printed by Hazell, Watson & Viney Ltd., London and Aylesbury.

Transcriber's Notes

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