The Project Gutenberg eBook, A Glossary of Provincial Words & Phrases in use in Somersetshire, by Wadham Pigott Williams, et al This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: A Glossary of Provincial Words & Phrases in use in Somersetshire Author: Wadham Pigott Williams Release Date: April 28, 2008 [eBook #25212] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIAL WORDS & PHRASES IN USE IN SOMERSETSHIRE*** Transcribed from the 1873 Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer edition by David Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org A GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIAL WORDS & PHRASES IN USE IN SOMERSETSHIRE. BY WADHAM PIGOTT WILLIAMS, M.A., _VICAR OF BISHOP'S HULL_, AND THE LATE WILLIAM ARTHUR JONES, M.A., F.G.S. WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY R. C. A. PRIOR, M.D. [Picture: Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society emblem] LONDON: LONGMANS, GREEN, READER, & DYER. TAUNTON: F. MAY, HIGH STREET. 1873. PREFACE It is now nearly six years ago that the Committee of the Somersetshire Archaeological Society asked me to compile a Glossary of the Dialect or archaic language of the County, and put into my hands a valuable collection of words by the late Mr. Edward Norris, surgeon, of South Petherton. I have completed this task to the best of my ability, with the kind co-operation of our late excellent Secretary, WM. ARTHUR JONES; and the result is before the public. We freely made use of Norris, Jennings, Halliwell, or any other collector of words that we could find, omitting mere peculiarities of pronunciation, and I venture to hope it will prove that we have not overlooked much that is left of that interesting old language, which those great innovators, the Printing Press, the Railroad, and the Schoolmaster, are fast driving out of the country. WADHAM PIGOTT WILLIAMS. Bishop's Hull, Taunton, 7th September, 1873. INTRODUCTION. The following paper from the pen of Dr. Prior was read at a Conversazione of the Society at Taunton, in the winter of 1871, and as it treats the subject from a more general point of view than is usually taken of it, we print it with his permission as an introduction to our vocabulary:-- On the Somerset Dialects. The two gentlemen who have undertaken to compile a glossary of the Somerset dialect, the Rev. W. P. Williams and Mr. W. A. Jones, have done me the honour to lend me the manuscript of their work; and the following remarks which have occurred to me upon the perusal of it I venture to lay before the Society, with the hope that they may be suggestive of further enquiry. Some years ago, while on a visit at Mr. Capel's, at Bulland Lodge, near Wiveliscombe, I was struck with the noble countenance of an old man who was working upon the road. Mr. Capel told me that it was not unusual to find among the people of those hills a very refined cast of features and extremely beautiful children, and expressed a belief that they were the descendants of the ancient inhabitants of the country, who had been dispossessed of their land in more fertile districts by conquerors of coarser breed. A study of the two dialects spoken in the county (for two there certainly are) tend, I think, to corroborate the truth of this opinion. It will be urged that during the many centuries that have elapsed since the West Saxons took possession of this part of England the inhabitants must have been so mixed up together that all distinctive marks of race must long since have been obliterated. But that best of teachers, experience, shows that where a conquered nation remains in greatly superior numbers to its conqueror, and there is no artificial bar to intermarriages, the latter, the conqueror, will surely be absorbed into the conquered. This has been seen in our own day in Mexico, where the Spaniards, who have occupied and ruled the country nearly four hundred years, are rapidly approaching extinction. Nay, we find that even in a country like Italy, where the religion, language, and manners are the same, the original difference of races is observable in different parts of the peninsula after many centuries that they have been living side by side. It seems to be a law of population that nations composed of different stocks or types can only be fused into a homogeneous whole by the absorption of one into the other--of the smaller into the greater, or of the town-dwellers into the country stock. The result of this law is, that mixed nations will tend with the progress of time to revert to their original types, and either fall apart into petty groups and provincial distinctions, as in Spain, or will eliminate the weaker or less numerous race, the old or the new, as the one or the other predominates. The political character of our English nation has changed from that which it was in the time of the Plantagenets by discharging from it the Norman blood; and our unceasing trouble with the Irish is a proof that we have not yet made Englishmen of them, as perhaps we never shall. A very keen observer, M. Erckman, in conversation with the _Times_ correspondent, of the 21st December, 1870, made a remark upon the state of France which is so illustrative of this position, as regards that country, that I cannot forbear to give it in his own words. The correspondent had expressed his fear that, if the war were prolonged, France would lapse into anarchy. "It is not that," said M. Erckman, "which fills me with apprehension. It is rather the gulf which I begin to fear is widening between the two great races of France. The world is not cognisant of this; but I have watched it with foreboding." "Define me the two types." "They shade into each other; but I will take, as perhaps extremes, the Gascon, and the Breton." "He proceeded," says the correspondent, "to sketch the characteristics of the people of Provence, Languedoc, and Gascony, and to contrast them with those of Brittany, middle, and north France, their idiosyncrasies of race, feeling, religion, manners--their diverse aspirations, their antagonisms. For sufficient reasons I pass over his remarks." A still more striking case of the kind is that of Egypt, a country that for more than 2,000 years has been subject to foreign conquerors, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Turks, and Mamelukes, and the annual influx of many thousand negro slaves, and where, notwithstanding all this, the peasantry, as far as can be judged by a careful examination of the skull, is identical with the population of the Pharaonic period. This, then, being assumed, that a turbid mixture of different races has a tendency to separate after a time into its constituent elements, and certain originally distinct types to re-appear with their characteristic features, how does this law of population apply to Somersetshire? It is clear from the repeated allusions to the Welsh in the laws of Ina, King of the West Saxons, that in his kingdom the ancient inhabitants of the country were not exterminated, but reduced to the condition of serfs. Some appear to have been landowners; but in general they must have been the servants of their Saxon lords, for we find the race, as in the case of the negroes in the West Indies, to have been synonymous with the servile class, so that a groom was called a _hors-wealh_, or horse Welshman, and a maid-servant a _wylen_, or Welsh-woman. As long as slavery was allowed by the law of the land--that is, during the Anglo-Saxon period, and for two centuries at least after the Conquest--there was probably no very intimate mixture of the two races. The Normans, as, in comparison with the old inhabitants of the country, they were few in number, cannot have very materially affected them. We have, therefore, to consider what has become of them since--the Saxon master and the Welsh slave. In the Eastern Counties the invaders seem to have overwhelmed the natives, and destroyed or driven them further inland. Here, in Somerset, their language continued to be spoken in the time of Asser, the latter part of the 9th century; for he tells his readers what Selwood and other places with Saxon names were called by the Britons. We may infer from this mention of them that they were still dispersed over these counties, and undoubtedly they still live in our peasantry, and are traceable in the dialect. Now, is there any peculiarity in this which we may seize as diagnostic of British descent? I submit that we have in the West of Somerset and in Devonshire in the pronunciation of the vowels; a much more trustworthy criterion than a mere vocabulary. The British natives learnt the language that their masters spoke, and this is nearly the same as in Wilts, Dorset, Gloucester, Berks, and Hampshire, and seems to have formerly extended into Kent. But they learnt it as the Spaniards learnt Latin: they picked up the words, but pronounced them as they did their own. The accent differs so widely in the West of Somerset and in Devonshire from that of the counties east of them that it is extremely difficult for a native of these latter to understand what our people are talking about, when they are conversing with one another and unconscious of the presence of a stranger. The river Parret is usually considered to be the boundary of the two dialects, and history records the reason of it. We learn from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, A.D. 658, that "Cenwealh in this year fought against the Welsh at Pen, and put them to flight as far as the Parret." "Her Kenwealh gefeaht aet Peonnum with Wealas, and hie geflymde oth Pedridan." Upon this passage Lappenberg in his "England under the Anglo-Saxon kings" remarks: "The reign of Cenwealh is important on account of the aggrandisement of Wessex. He defeated in several battles the Britons of Dyvnaint and Cernau [Devon and Cornwall] who had endeavoured to throw off the Saxon yoke, first at Wirtgeornesburh, afterwards, with more important results, at Bradenford [Bradford] on the Avon in Wiltshire, and again at Peonna [the hill of Pen in Somersetshire], where the power of the Britons melted like snow before the sun, and the race of Brut received an incurable wound, when he drove them as far as the Pedrede [the Parret] in A.D. 658." The same author in another passage says (vol. i. p. 120): "In the south-west we meet with the powerful territory of Damnonia, the kingdom of Arthur, which bore also the name of 'West-Wales.' Damnonia at a later period was limited to Dyvnaint, or Devonshire, by the separation of Cernau or Cornwall. The districts called by the Saxons those of the Sumorsaetas, of the Thornsaetas [Dorset], and the Wiltsaetas were lost to the kings of Dyvnaint at an early period; though _for centuries afterwards a large British population maintained itself in those parts_ among the Saxon settlers, as well as among the Defnsaetas, long after the Saxon conquest of Dyvnaint, who for a considerable time preserved to the natives of that shire the appellation of the _Welsh kind_." In corroboration of Lappenberg's opinion, one in which every antiquary will concur, I may notice in passing that many a farm in West Somerset retains to the present day an old name that can only be explained from the Cornish language. Thus, "Plud farm," near Stringston, is "Clay farm," or "Mud farm," from_ plud_, mire. In a word, the peasantry of West Somerset are Saxonized Britons. Their ancestors submitted to the conquering race, or left their country and emigrated to Brittany, but were not destroyed; and in them and their kinsmen of Cornouailles in France we see the living representatives of the ancient Britons as truly as in Devonshire and Cornwall, in Cumberland, or Wales. The characteristic feature of their dialect, and the remark applies of course equally to the Devonian which is identical with it, is the sound of the French _u_ or the German _u_ given to the _oo_ and _ou_, a sound that only after long practice can be imitated by natives of the more eastern counties. Thus a "roof" is a _ruf_, "through" _is thru_, and "would" is _wud_. The county might consequently be divided into a "Langue d'oo" and a "Langue d'u." An initial _w_ is pronounced _oo_. "Where is Locke?" "Gone t' Ools, yer honour." "What is he gone there for?" "Gone zootniss, yer honour." The man was gone to Wells assizes as a witness in some case. In a public-house row brought before the magistrates they were told that "Oolter he com in and drug un out." ("Walter came in and dragged him out.") _Ooll_ for "will" is simply _ooill_. An _owl doommun_ is an old oooman. This usage seems to be in accordance with the Welsh pronunciation of _w_ in _cwm_. There are other peculiarities that seem to be more or less common to all the Western Counties, and to have descended to them from that Wessex language that is commonly called Anglo-Saxon--a language in which we have a more extensive and varied literature than exists in any other Germanic idiom of so early a date, itself the purest of all German idioms. It is a mistake to suppose that it is the parent of modern English. This has been formed upon the dialect of Mercia, that of the Midland Counties; and it cannot be too strongly impressed upon strangers who may be inclined to scoff at West Country expressions as inaccurate and vulgar, that before the Norman Conquest our language was that of the Court, and but for the seat of Government having been fixed in London might be so still; that it was highly cultivated, while the Midland Counties contributed nothing to literature, and the Northern were devastated with war; and that the dialect adopted, so far from being a better, is a more corrupt one. The peculiarities to which I allude as common to all the Southern Counties are these: The transposition of the letter _r_ with another consonant in the same syllable, so that _Prin_ for _Prince_ becomes _Purn_, _fresh fursh_, _red ribbons urd urbans_--a change that certainly is more general and more uniformly carried out in the Langue d'u district than in the Langue d'oo, but cannot be quite exclusively appropriated by the former. Under the same category will fall the transposition of _s_ with _p_, as in _waps_ for _wasp_, _curps_ for _crisp_; with _k_, as in _ax_ for _ask_; with _l_, as in _halse_ for _hazel_. A hard consonant at the beginning of a word is replaced with a soft one, _f_ for _v_, as in _vire_ for _fire_; _s_ with _z_, as in _zur_ for _sir_; _th_ with _d_, as in "What's _dee_ doing here _dis_ time o'night?" _k_ with _g_, as in _gix_, the hollow stalk of umbelliferous plants, for _keeks_. To be "as dry as a gix" is to be as dry as one of these stalks--a strong appeal for a cup of cider. Of another peculiarity which our Western district has in common with Norway, I am uncertain whether it extends further eastward, or not; I mean the replacing an initial _h_ with _y_, as in _yeffer_ for _heifer_, _Yeffeld_ for _Heathfield_. One it has in common with Latin as compared with Greek--the replacing an initial hard _th_ with _f_, as in _fatch_ for _thatch_, like L. _fores_ for [Greek text]. A singularly capricious alteration of the vowels, so as to make long ones short, and short ones long, is, as far as I am aware, confined to our Langue d'u district. For instance, a _pool_-reed is called a _pull_-reed, a _bull_ a _bul_, a _nail_ a _nal_, _paint pant_; and bills are sent in by country tradespeople with the words so spelt. Again, a _mill_ is called a _meel_, and a _fist_ a _feest_, _pebble_ becomes _popple_, and _Webber_ (a surname) _Wobber_. This looks like one of those dialectic peculiarities for which there is no means of accounting. In the selection of words for their vocabulary I trust that these gentlemen will follow the example of Mr. Cecil Smith in his admirable work on "The Birds of Somersetshire"--not to admit one of which he had not positive proof that it had been shot in this county. Every one should be taken down from the lips of a native, and such as cannot be identified should be sternly rejected. The task that they have undertaken is a laborious one; but there is no county in England that affords such materials for tracing the influence of a subordinate upon a conquering race--of a Celtic language upon one that was purely German. I cannot conclude these remarks without adverting to a rich and hitherto quite unexplored mine of antiquities--the names of our fields. There is reason to believe that our country roads were traced out, and the boundaries and names of our fields assigned to them, when these were first reclaimed from the primeval forest, and that they are replete with notices of ancient men and manners that deserve and will well repay our careful study. * * * * * Since the above has been in type I have had the satisfaction of learning from Mr. G. P. R. Pulman, of the Hermitage, Crewkerne, that at Axminster, the river Axe, the ancient British and Saxon boundary line, divides the dialect spoken to the east of it (the Dorset, to judge from a specimen of it that he has enclosed) from the Devon. He goes on to say: "On the opposite, the west side of the river, as at Kilmington, Whitford, and Colyton, for instance, a very different dialect is spoken, the general south or rather east Devon. The difference between the two within so short a distance (for you never hear a Devonshire sound from a native Axminster man) is very striking." That after a period of 1,200 years the exact limit of the two races should still be distinguishable in the accent of their descendants, is an interesting confirmation of the view that I have taken of the origin of these dialects, and at the same time a remarkable proof of the tenacity of old habits in a rural population; the more so that the boundary line of the dialects does not coincide with that of the two counties. A GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIAL WORDS AND PHRASES IN USE IN SOMERSETSHIRE. A, _pron._ He, ex. a did'nt zai zo did a? A, adverbial prefix, ex. afore, anigh, athin A, for "have" A, participal prefix, corresponding with the Anglo-Saxon _ge_ and _y_, ex. atwist, alost, afeard, avroze, avriz'd Abeare _v._ bear, endure, ex. for anything that the Court of this Manor will abeare. _Customs of Taunton Deane_ Abbey _s._ great white poplar. Abbey-lug, a branch or piece of timber of the same (D. _Abeel_) Abbey-lubber _s._ a lazy idle fellow, _i.e._ worthless as abbey wood Addice, Attis _s._ an adze Addle _s._ a fester (A S _adl_ disease) After, along side Agallied, _past part_, frightened Agin _pr._ against. Auverginst, over-against, up to, in preparation for, as Agin Milemas Agon, _past part._ gone by. Also _adv._ Ail _s._ ailment, a disease in the hind-quarter of animals, ex. Quarter-ail Aine _v._ to throw stones at (A S _haenan_ to stone) Aines, just as. Al-aines, all the same, or all one Al-on-een, on tip toe, eager Aller, (A S _alr_) alder tree. Allern made of alder Amper, Hamper _s._ a pimple. Ampery, pimply An _prep._ If An-dog, Handog _s._ andiron Angle-dog, or Angle-twitch _s._ a large earth-worm (A S _Angel-twicce_), _Angle_ a fish-hook Anpassey, Anpussey, the sign of &, _i.e. and per se_ Anty, empty Appropo, (Fr. _Apropos_) but used as one of a small group of Norman French words which have got into popular use Apse, Apsen-tree, (A S _aeps_) the aspen tree Ar-a-one, ever-a-one. Nar-a-one, never-a-one Arry, any. N'urry, none Asew, drained of her milk: applied to a cow at the season of calving. From _sew_ to drain, hence _sewer_ Aslun, Aslue, Aslope, _adv._ indicate oblique movements in different directions and levels Asplew _adv._ extended awkwardly Astroddle _adj._ astride Auverlook _v._ to bewitch Ax _v._ to waddle Axe, (A S _ascan_) _v._ to ask, always used in Wiclif's Bible Axen, (A S _ahse. aexse_) _s._ ashes, ex. Here maaid, teeak showl and d'up axen Axpeddlar _s._ dealer in ashes Backlet _s._ the back part of the premises Back-stick, Backsword _s._ single-stick, a favourite game in Wedmore Backsunded _adj._ with a northern aspect Bal-rib _s._ spare-rib Bally-rag _v._ to use abusive language Ban _v._ to shut out, stop, ex. I ban he from gwain there Bane _s._ liver disease in sheep, east of the Parret; west of the river the term Coed or Coathed is used, ex. I count they be beund Bannin _s._ That which is used for shutting out, or stopping Bannut _s._ Walnut A woman, a spaunel, and a bannut tree, The mooar you bate 'em the better they be Barrener _s._ a cow not in calf Barrow _s._ a child's pilch or flannel clout Barrow-pig _s._ a gelt-pig Barton _s._ a farm-yard, the Barn-town Bastick _s._ basket Bat, But, the root end of a tree after it has been thrown, also spade of cards, the stump of a post Batch, a sand bank, or patch of ground, or hillock, "a hill," as Churchill-batch, Chelvey-batch, (lying within, or contiguous to, a river); emmet-batches, ant-hills. Duck-batches, land trodden by cattle in wet weather Bats _s._ corners of ploughed fields: low-laced boots Bawker: Bawker-stone _s._ a stone for whetting scythes Be, indic. ex. I be, thou bist, he be Bear-hond _v._ to help Bear-nan, Bear-in-hond, Bean-hond _v._ to intend, purpose, think, suspect, conjecture, ex. I do beanhond et'l rain zoon Beat the streets, to run about idly Beeastle, Beezle _v._ to make nasty Bee-bird _s._ the White-throat Bee-but, Bee-lippen, a bee-hive (_lepe_, a basket, Wiclif Acts ix, 25) Beetel, Bittle, or Bitle _s._ a bron-bitle, or brand-bitle, a heavy mallet for cleaving wood. Shaks. Hen. IV. "fillip me with a three man beetle." Bitle-head _s._ a blockhead Becal _v._ to abuse, to rail at Bedfly _s._ a flea Bed-lier _s._ a bed-ridden person Beever _s._ a hedge-side encumbered with brambles Begaur, Begaurz, Begumm, Begummers, words of asseveration and exclamation Begrumpled _adj._ soured, displeased Begurg _v._ begrudge Behither _adv._ on this side Belge, or Belve _v._ to bellow Belk, or Bulk, _v._ to belch Bell flower, Bell-rose, a Daffodil Belsh _v._ to clean the tails of sheep Benet, Bents _s._ Bennetty _adj._ long coarse grass, and plantain stalks Benge _v._ to continue tippling, to booze Benns, or Bends, ridges of grass lands Bepity _v.a._ to pity Beskummer _v._ to besmear, abuse, reproach Bethink _v._ to grudge, ex. He bethink'd I but everything Betwattled _v.n._ to be in a distressed state of mind, also _v.a._ Betwit, to rake up old grievances Bevorne, before Bibble _v._ to tipple. Bibbler _s._ Biddy _s._ a chick. Chick-a-Biddy, a term of endearment Biddy's eyes _s._ pansy Bide _v._ to live or lodge in. Bidin _s._ a place where a man lives Big, Beg, Begotty _adj._ grand, consequential, ex. Too big for his birches Billid _adj._ distracted, mad Billy _s._ a bundle of straw, or reed, one-third part of a sheaf Bim-boms _s._ anything hanging as a bell, icicles, or tags of a woman's bonnet, or dress Bin, Bin'swhy _conj._ because, seeing that, prob. "being," provided that Binnic, or Bannisticle _s._ stickle-back Bird-battin _v._ taking birds at night with a net attached to two poles. Shaks. bat-fowling Bird's-meat, Bird's-pears _s._ hips and haws Bisgee, (g hard), (Fr. _besaigue_. Lat _bis-acuta_) _s._ a mooting or rooting axe, sharp at both ends and cutting different ways Bis't _v._ Art thou? (Germ. _bist du_) Bit _s._ the lower end of a poker _v._ to put a new end to a poker Bivver _v._ to shake or tremble, ex. They'll make he bivver, (A S _bifian_, to tremble) Blackhead _s._ a boil, a pinswil Black-pot _s._ black-pudding Blacky-moor's-beauty _s._ Sweet scabious Blake _v._ to faint (A S _blaecan_, to grow pale) Blanker, Vlanker, Flanker _s._ a spark of fire Blanscue _s._ an unforeseen accident Blather _s._ Bladder _v._ to talk in a windy manner, to vapour Bleachy _adj._ brackish Blicant _adj._ bright, shining (A S _blican_, to shine) Blid _s._ applied in compassion, as poor old blid--blade Blowth _s._ bloom, blossom, ex. A good blowth on the apple trees Blunt _s._ a storm of snow or rain, snow-blunt Boarden _adj._ made of board Bobsnarl _s._ a tangle as of a skein of twine Booc _s._ a wash of clothes, (A S _buc_ water vessel) Bodkins _s._ swingle-bars. Weys and Bodkins, portions of plough-harness Body-horse _s._ the second horse in a team, that which draws from the end of the shafts Boming _adj._ hanging down, like a woman's long hair Boneshave _s._ hip-rheumatism Bore, the tidal wave in the river Parrett Borrid _adj._ applied to a sow when seeking the boar Bos, Bus _s._ a yearling calf, a milk sop (Lat. _bos_) Bottle _s._ a bubble, a small cask for cider _v._ to bubble Boughten _past part._ of to buy Bow _s._ a culvert, arched bridge, arch, as Castle-bow, Taunton Bowerly _adj._ portly, tall, well-made, quy. _buirdly_ Bowsin _s._ fore part of a cattle stall Brandis _s._ an iron frame to support a pan or kettle over a hearth-fire (A S _brand-isen_) Brash _s._ a row, tumult, crash (A S _brastl_ a noise) Brave _adj._ in good health Brazed _past part._ cramped with cold Br'd, or Bard, Breaze _v._ to bruize, to indent, as on an apple Breath _s._ a scent, a smell Breeze _v._ to braize or solder a kettle Brickle, Burtle _adj._ brittle Brineded _adj._ brindled Bring-gwain _v._ to get rid of, to spend, to accompany a person some way on a journey, bring-going Brit, Burt, to leave a dent or impression Brize, Prize _v.a._ to press down Broom-squires _s._ Quantock broom-makers Brock _s._ a piece of turf for fuel (Du. _brocke_, a morass) Broller, Brawler _s._ a bundle of straw Brow-square, an infant's head cloth Bruckley, Brode _adj._ as applied to stock given to break fence, to cheese that breaks into fragments Brummle, Brimmel (A S _brimel_) _s._ bramble Bucked _adj._ having a strong hircine taste, applied to cheese Buckle _v.n._ to bend, to warp Buckle _s._ a dispute _v._ to quarrel. Buddle _v._ to suffocate in mud Bug _s._ beetle, as water-bug, may-bug, cockchafer Bullen _s._ large black sloes; bullace-plum Bullworks, Bullocking _adj._ rude, romping Bumtowel _s._ long-tailed tit Bungee, (g hard), _adj._ short and squat Burcott _s._ a load Burge _s._ bridge Burr _s._ a sweet-bread Bursh _s._ brush Busket _s._ a bush or brake But _s._ a basket for catching salmon; also a bee-hive. But, for Put, a heavy cart Butter and Eggs _s._ toad-flax, _linaria vulgaris_ Button stockings _s._ gaiters Butty _s._ a partner Buzzies _s._ flies Byes _s._ furrows By-now, a short time ago Caddle _s._ bustle, ex. We'rn jussy caddle to-day Cadock _s._ a bludgeon, a short thick club Cag _v._ to annoy, vex Cag _v._ to irritate Callenge _s._ and _v.a._ challenge Cal-home, or Cal-over _v._ to publish or call the banns of marriage for the last time Callyvan' or Carryvan, also Clevant and Vant, a pyramidal trap for catching birds, quy. _colly fang_, (A S _fangen_, to take) Cannel, Cannal _s._ the faucet of a barrel--tap-and-canal Car _v._ to carry, ex. Cassn't car'n? Carry-merry _s._ a kind of sledge used in conveying goods Carvy-seeds _s._ carraway seeds, (_carvi sem_:) Cauk _v._ to turn down the ends of shoes for a horse to stand on ice Caxon _s._ a sorry wig Chaccle _v._ to caccle as a hen Chaity _adj._ careful, nice, delicate Chaine _s._ a weaver's warp 'Ch'am, (A S _ic eom_: Germ. _Ich bin_) I am. 'Ch'ave, I have. 'Ch'ad, I had. 'Ch'ool, I would. Uch'll go, I will go. "Chill not let go, zir, without vurther 'casion." Shaks. Lear, iv, 6. This form occurs chiefly in the neighbourhood of Merriott. Cham _v._ To chew Charm _s._ confused noise as of birds Cheaymer, Chimmer _s._ a bed-room Cheese-stean _s._ a wring or press for cheese Chibbole _s._ (Sp. _cepolla_, Fr. _ciboule_) a young onion, before the bulb is fully formed Chilbladder _s._ a chilblain Chilver, (A S _cilfer-lamb_), an ewe lamb. Pur, the male lamb Chilver-hog and Pur-hog, sheep under one year old Chine _s._ that part of a cask which is formed by the projection of the staves beyond the head. Chine-hoops top-hoops Chissom, Chism _v._ to bud, to shoot out; also, _s._ a bud Chowr _v._ to grumble, to mutter (A S _ceorian_, to murmur) Clam _v._ to handle in a slovenly manner Clamper _s._ a difficulty, ex. I zined once and a got meself in jissey clamper I never w'ont zine nothing no more Claps _v._ clasp Clathers _s._ clothes or rags Clavy, a shelf. Clavel-tack, a mantel-piece, a place where keys (_claves_) are kept, a shelf for keys. Holmen-clavel, an inn on Blagdon hill, so called from having a large _holm-beam_ supporting the mantel-piece Cleve-pink, or Cliff-pink, a species of pink growing wild in the Cheddar cliffs, _dianthus deltoides_ Clim, Climmer, Climber _v._ to climb. Clammer _s._ a worn footpath up a steep bank Clinkers _s._ hoof marks. Clinker-bells, icicles Clint, or Clent _v._ to clench Clit _v._ Clitty _adj._ applied to bread not properly kneaded Clittersome _adj._ troublesome Clivver-and-shiver _adv._ completely, totally Clize, Clice _s._ a swinging door, or valve of a dike or rhine, (A S _clysing_) Cloam, Cloamen, coarse earthen ware Clothen _adj._ made of cloth Clotting, Clatting _s._ fishing for eels with a knot or clot of worms, which is also called reballing Clout _s._ and _v._ a blow in the face or head, to beat about the head Clumber _s._ a clump, or large piece Cly, Cliver, Clider, or Clidden _s._ goose-grass Coathe, or Coe _v.a._ to bane, applied to sheep, rabbits, and hares Cock-and-mwile _s._ a jail Cock-lawt, Cock-lart _s._ a garret or cock-loft Cock-squailing _s._ an old Shrove Tuesday sport--(in Somerset, Shaff Tuesday), flinging sticks at a cock tied by the leg, one penny per throw, whoever kills him takes him away Cob-wall _s._ made of mud and straw, mud-and-stud, or wattle-and-dab College _s._ an assemblage of small tenements, having a common entrance from the street, and only one Colley blackbird; Water-colley water-ouzel; Mountain-colley ring-ouzel Colt a person entering on a new employment; Colting, Colt-ale a fine on entering; footing; also, a thrashing Comb-broach _s._ tooth of a wool-combe, a spit, knitting-needle (Fr. _broche_) Commandement _s._ (Four syllables as in Chaucer and Wiclif), command Conk, or Skonk _s._ a collection of people (Lat. _concio_) Connifle _v._ to embezzle, to sponge Cop-bone _s._ knee-pan, patella Count _v._ to think, to esteem Couples, Cooples _s._ an ewe with her lambs; Double-couples _s._ an ewe with twins Coy _v._ to decoy; Cway Pool _s._ a decoy Cowerd Milk _s._ milk not skimmed Cow-babby _s._ a great childish fellow Crab-lantern _s._ a cross froward child Crap a bunch or cluster (Fr. _grappe_) Crap, Crappy _v._ to snap, to crack Craze _v.a._ to crack Crease _s._ crest of a horse's neck, a crestaline of a roof Creem _s._ and _v._ a cold shivering, to shiver; to creemy _adj._ subject to shivers Creem _v._ to crush or squeeze severely the limbs of a person Crewel _s._ a cowslip Creeze _adj._ squeamish, dainty Crip _v._ to clip--as the hair Cripner, Kr'pner _s._ crupper strap Crips, or Curps _adj._ crisp Criss-cross-lain the alphabet, because in the Horn-book it was preceded by a X (Fr. _croissette_) Crope _pret. of creep_ crept, ex. A craup'd in Cross-axe _s._ an axe with two broad and sharp ends, one cutting breadth-wise, the other length-wise, called also grub-axe and twibill Crowdy, Crowdy-kit (Celtic _crwth_) _s._ small fiddle; to crowd _v._ to grate as the two ends of a broken bone, to make a flat creaking; Crowder _s._ a fiddler (W. _crwthwr_) Crown _v._ Crowner's quest _s._ Coroner's Inquest. To be crowned, to have an inquest held over a dead body by the direction of the coroner Crub, Croost _s._ a crust of bread Cruel _adv._ intensive, as cruel-kind, very kind Cry _s._ to challenge, bar, or object to Cubby-hole _s._ a snug comfortable situation for a child, such as between a person's knees when sitting before the fire Cuckold _s._ the plant Burdock; cuckold-buttons, the burs, (A S _coccel_, darnel, tares) Cue _s._ the shoe on an ox's hoof, or tip on a man's boot Curdle _v.a._ to curl, also, _v.n._; Curdles _s._ curls Cut _s._ a door hatch Curse _s._ cress Cuss _v._ to curse; Cussin Sarvice the Commination Custin _s._ a kind of small wild plum Cutty _adj._ small, as cutty-pipe, cutty-wren; Cutty-bye, a cradle, a hob-gobblin Daddick _s._ rotten-wood; Daddicky _adj._ perished like rotten-wood, applied metaphorically to the old and feeble Dag-end _s._ applied to a sheaf of reed Daggers _s._ sword-grass, a kind of sedge Dame _s._ never applied to the upper ranks of society, nor to the very lowest, but to such as farmer's wives, or the schoolmistress: rarely if ever applied to a young woman Dandy _adj._ distracted Dap _v._ to hop as a ball Dap _s._ the hop, or turn of a ball; also habits and peculiarities of a person, ex. I know all the daps on'm Dor, Dare _v._ and _s._ to frighten, stupify: ex. Put a dor on'n Dare-up _v._ to wake or rouse up a person that is dying or asleep Dave _v._ to thaw Davver, or Daver _v._ to fade, to droop; Davered drooping Dawzin _s._ a conjuring device to discover minerals by the twisting of a hazel-rod Devil-screech, Devil-swift, or Devilling _s._ the Swift Devil's Cow _s._ a kind of beetle Dew-bit _s._ an early morsel before breakfast Diddlecum _adj._ distracted, mad Diff _adj._ deaf Dilly _adj._ cranky, queer Dir'd _s._ thread, ex. Whaur's my d'r'd and niddel? Dish-wash, or Dippity-washty _s._ a water-wagtail Dirsh, Drush, or Drasher _s._ a thrush Dirt _s._ earth generally, as mould in a garden Dirten _adj._ miry, dirty, or made of dirt Dock _s._ the crupper of a saddle Dockery-stick _s._ phosphorescent wood Donnins _s._ dress, clothes Double-spronged when potatoes lying in the ground throw out fresh tubers Dough-fig _s._ a Turkey-fig Douse, or Touse _s._ a smart blow, particularly on the face, ex. A douse on the chaps Down-arg _v._ to contradict, ex. He 'ood downarg I Down-daggered _adj._ disconsolate, cast-down Draen, Drean _v._ to drawl (Fr. _trainer_) Draffit _s._ a tub for pigs'-wash (_draught-vat_) Drail _s._ the piece of leather connecting the flail with its handle Drang _s._ a narrow path or lane Drang-way a drove or gate-way Drapper _s._ a small tub Drash _v._ to thrash; Drashel, or Thrashle _s._ a flail (A S _therscel_) Drashold, or Dreshol _s._ a threshold Drawl, Drail _s._ the forepart of the sull of a plough; in West Somerset, weng (A S _wang_ or _weng_ a cheek) Drift _s._ a lask, or looseness Drimmeling _adj._ slow, continuous pain Dring _v._ (_pret._ Drang) to throng, crowd, _s._ Dringet, a crowd (Dutch, _dringen_, to press) Drink _s._ small beer, or cider Droot _v._ to drivel Dro _v._ (_part._ Dro'd) to throw, ex. The tree wur dro'd Drow, or Drowy _v._ to dry, ex. It do drowy terble now, as applied to grass; Muck-adrowd, or Muck-adrowy _s._ dust Drub, Drubby _v._ to throb Druck _v._ to cram or thrust down Druck-pieces _s._ pieces of wood let into a wall to support the pipe of a pump Drug _v._ to drag, also _pret._ of drag; ex. He drug un out of the pond; Drugs _s._ harrows or drags Dub, Dubby, Dubbid _adj._ blunt, squat Dubbin _s._ suet or fat for greasing leather Duck _v._ to carry a person under the arms in a suspended state Dudder _v._ to confound with noise Duds _s._ foul linen Dumbledore, Dumbledory _s._ a humble bee, stupid fellow Dummic, Dunnic _s._ a hedge-sparrow Dumps _s._ the twilight, ex. Dumps of the yavening; Dumpsy towards twilight Dunch _adj._ deaf Dunder-daisy _s._ large field daisy Dungmixen _s._ a dung-heap Durgin (g hard) _s._ a great stupid fellow Durns _s._ side-posts of a door, (? _doorings_) Ear-burs _s._ a swelling behind the ear Ear-grass, or Hay-grass _s._ grass after mowing, from A S _erian_, to till; the grass of tilled land Ear-keckers _s._ the tonsils of the throat Eave, Heave _v.n._ to give out moisture, as flagstones in wet weather E'en-to, Ee'nsto _adv._ up to, all but, ex. There were ten e'ensto one or two Element _s._ the sky, used in this sense by Shakespeare in Twelfth-night Elem'n, or Elm'n _adj._ made of elm Eldern _adj._ made of the elder Elt-pig _s._ a young sow Elver, Eelver, or Yelver _s._ the young eel Emmers _s._ pl. embers Emp, or Empt _v._ to empty En, or Un _pron._ Him, ex. A zid'n: he saw him (A S _hine_) Er _pron._ He, ex. Er ziden: he saw him Errish, Arrish, or Herrish _s._ stubble Evet _s._ eft, or newt Ex _s._ an axle Eye _s._ the cavity beneath the arch of a bridge Fadge _v._ to fare, to be in good condition. "How will this fadge?" Shaks. Twelfth-night Fags _interj._ truly! indeed! Fairy, Fare, Vare _s._ a weasel (old Fr. _vair_, ermine) False _adj._ forsworn, perjured Falsing _adj._ coaxing Fardel _s._ a small bundle, Shaks. Hamlet Faut (faat) _v._ to find fault Fauty (faaty) _adj._ given to find fault Fauth, Foth, Voth _s._ the turning place of the plough at the side of a field Featy _adj._ pretty, neat Feaze _v._ to harass, or ferret Feaver-largin (g hard), _s._ a fit of indolence Fell _v._ to sew down a hem Fend _v._ to forbid (Fr. _defendre_) Fess _adj._ gay, smart, ex. A fess fellow Few, Veo _adj._ little, as a few broth Fie _s._ to succeed, ex. Che-ating pl'y'll never fie Fig _s._ raisin: figgety-pudden, figgy-cake, rich with raisins Fildefare, Veelvare _s._ a fieldfare: varewell veelvare, farewell winter Filtry _s._ rubbish Fitch, Fitchet _s._ a pole cat, ex. As cross as a fitchet Fitten _s._ an idle fancy, whim Flap-jack _s._ small pancake, fritter Flanker, Vlanker _s._ a spark of fire Flannin, Vlannen _s._ a flannel Fleet _s._ the windward side of a hedge Fleet _v._ to float Flick _s._ the inside fat of animals; also flitch of bacon Flittermouse _s._ a bat (Ger. _Fledermaus_) Flook _s._ a flounder; also a parasite in the liver of sheep Flush _adj._ fledged, in full feather _adv._ even with Foase _v._ to wheedle, to deceive _adj._ false Fob _s._ froth, slaver _v._ to put off with a pretence Fog _s._ old, withered or spoilt grass Fog-earth _s._ bog-earth, peat Foggy _adj._ fat, corpulent Fooase, or Vooase _v._ to force, to oblige Footer _s._ a worthless shabby fellow _adj._ footy Fore-spur, or Vore-spur _s._ the fore-leg of pork Fore-right, Vore-right _adj._ rash, head-long, head-strong Forrel _s._ the cover of a book, the selvage of a handkerchief Forware, or Verware _v._ to indemnify Forweend _adj._ hard to please, wayward, spoilt in nursing Frame _v._ to form, fashion the speech, ex. If I wur axed I could'nt frame to spake it so Frange _s._ fringe (Fr. _frange_) Free-bore _adj._ free, free-born French-nut _s._ walnut Fret _v._ to eat, as the lower animals (G _fressen_, A S _fretan_, as opposed to G _essen_, A S _etan_, applied to man): ex. The moth fretteth the garment; a use of the word retained in the West, and usually applied to the browsing of cattle Furcum, or Vurcum _s._ the whole, even to the bottom Furr, or Vurr _v._ to cast a stone far Fump _s._ the whole of a business Fuz, Fuzzen, Furze _s._ gorse, prov. When fuz is out o' blossom Kissing's out o' fashin Fuz-pig _s._ hedge hog Gad _s._ a fagot-stick; Spar-gad a twisted stick picked at both ends to spar (Ger. _sperren_) or fasten down thatch. Near Bath, spick-gad Gain _adj._ handy; Gainer more handy Gale _s._ an old bull castrated Gall _s._ a wet place, abounding in springs Gally, Gallow _v._ to frighten; Gallied frightened Shak. K. Lear, iii, 2, "Skies gallow the wanderer" Gally-baggur _s._ bug-bear, a trace of the time when gallows were a more common sight Gamble _s._ a leg, (Ital. _gamba_) Gambril _s._ a crooked stick used by butchers to suspend a carcase Gammets, Gamoting _s._ whims, tricks, pranks Ganny-cock _s._ a turkey-cock Ganny-cock's nob _s._ the appendage to a turkey-cock's beak Gapes-nest _s._ an idle spectacle Gare _s._ gear; Ire-gare _s._ plough-gear, iron-work Garn, or Gearn, Gearden _s._ a garden Gatchel _s._ the mouth Gate-shord, or sheard _s._ a gate-way, a place for a gate Gatfer _s._ an old man (good father) G'auf to go off; G'auver to go over; G'in to go in; G'on to go on; G'out to go out; Go'vorn go before him or them; G'under to go under; G'up to go up: ex. Thear I wur', d' knaw, carnared (in a corner); coud'n g'auver, g'under, g'in, nor g'out Gawcum, Gawcumin _s._ a simpleton, a gawkey Gee-wi' (g soft), _v._ to agree; Gee (g hard), to give, ex. To gee out--to thaw Gib, or Gibby (g hard), _s._ a pet lamb Gibby-heels (g hard), _s._ kibed-heels Giffin (g hard), _s._ a trifle, a small portion of time Gilawfer, Gillifer, Gilliflower (g soft), stocks; Whitsun Gilawfer, carnation, also the wallflower Giltin-cup (g hard), _s._ butter-cup Gimmace (g hard), _s._ a hinge Gimmaces (g hard) _s._ a criminal is said to be hung in gimmaces, when he is hung in chains Glare _v._ to glaze earthenware. Also _s._ ex. The roads are all a glare of ice Glassen _adj._ made of glass Glou, Glouie _v._ to stare Glou-beason _s._ a glow-worm, a bold impudent fellow Glutch, Glutchy _v._ to swallow _s._ the act of swallowing, Glutcher _s._ the throat Gold _s._ sweet willow; _Myrica gale_, abundant in the moors of Somerset, in the herbalists called _Gaule_ Go-lie _v._ spoken of corn falling after rain; applied to wind, to subside Gool-french a gold-finch, a proud tailor Gollop _s._ a large morsel Gommer _s._ an old woman (good mother) Good-hussy _s._ a thread-case Goody _v._ to appear good, to prosper Goose-cap _s._ a giddy, silly person Goose-herd, or Goosier _s._ one who breeds or looks after geese Gore-in, Gore-with _v._ to believe in, to trust Gossips _s._ sponsors; Gossiping the festivities of the christening Gout _s._ a drain, a gutter Gowder _s._ a higgler of fruit Grainded, Grainted _adj._ ingrained, dirty Granfer, Grammer _s._ grandfather, grandmother Granfer griggles _s._ wild orchis Gribble _s._ a young apple tree raised from seed Grig _v._ and _s._ to pinch, a pinch Griddle, Girdle _s._ a gridiron Gripe, or Grip _s._ a small drain or ditch _v._ to cut into gripes Grizzle _v._ to laugh or grin Gronin _s._ labour, childbirth; Gronin-chair nursing chair; Gronin-malt provision for the event Ground _s._ a field, a piece of land enclosed for agricultural purposes Grozens, Groves _s._ duck-weed Gruff, Gruff-hole _s._ a trench or groove excavated for ore Gruffer, Gruffler _s._ a miner, one who works in a gruff or groove Gumpy _adj._ abounding in protuberances Gurds _s._ eructations; Fits and Gurds fits and starts Gurl, or Gurdle _v._ to growl Gush _v._ to put the blood in quicker motion by fright or surprise, ex. A' gied I sich a gush Guss _v._ and _s._ to gird, a girth Gurt _adj._ great Hack _s._ the place where bricks newly-made are arranged to dry Hack, Hacket, Hick, Heck _v._ to hop on one leg, to play hackety oyster, hopscotch, or hack-shell Hacker _v._ to chatter with the cold, to stammer Hackle _s._ a good job Hag-mal _s._ a slattern, a titmouse Hag-rided _adj._ subject to night-mare Hag-ropes traveller's joy, wild clematis (A S _Hage_, a hedge) Hain _v._ to let up grass for mowing Halfen-deal _s._ moiety _adj._ composed of different materials Half-strain _adj._ mongrel, half-witted Halipalmer _s._ the palmer-worm, (holy-palmer) Hallantide _s._ All Saints' Day, (hallow-een-tide) Halse _s._ hazel; halse coppice Halsen, Hawseny, Noseny, Osney _v._ to divine, predict, forebode (A S _halsen_, from the hazel divining rod) Halve, or Helve _v._ to turn over, to turn upside down Ham _s._ an open field, usually near a river: on Mendip, old calamine pits Hame _v._ "rem habere" (A S _haeman_) Hames, Heamsies _s._ parts of harness Hang-fair, Hanging-vayer _s._ an execution Hanch _v._ to gore as a bull Hangles, (a pair of hangles) _s._ a pot or kettle-rack suspended over the fire Hank _s._ dealings with Happer _v._ to crackle, rattle like hail Hard _adj._ full grown, as hard stock, or sheep; a Hardboy a boy of about 13 years old Harr _s._ the part of a gate which holds the hinges, ex. Heads and harrs Hart _s._ haft, or handle as of knives, awls Hat, or Het _pret._ of _v._ to hit Hathe _s._ to be in hathe, _i.e._, to be thickly covered with pustules, to be closely matted together Haydigees, (g hard and soft) _s._ high spirits Hay-sucker _s._ the white-throat Hayty-tayty seesaw, also _interj._ what's here! Hay-ward _s._ pound-keeper, a keeper of hedges or hays (A S _haeig-weard_) Hedge-bore _s._ a rough workman Heel, Hell _v._ to pour out or in, hence Heel-taps Heel _v._ to hide, to cover (A S _helan_) Heeler _s._ one who hides or covers. Proverb: The heeler is as bad as the stealer Heft _s._ and _v._ weight, to lift up, from _v._ to heave Hegler, or Higler _s._ an egg or fowl collector and dealer Hellier _s._ a tiler, one who covers Hel'm _s._ haulm of wheat, beans, peas, potatoes (A S _healm_) Hem _pron._ he or him, ex. If hem had hat hem as hem hat hem, hem 'oud a kill'd hem or hem 'oud a kill'd hem Hen _v._ to throw, see Aine Hen-hussey _s._ a meddling officious person, a woman who looks after poultry Hent, or Hint _v._ to wither or dry up Hern, His'n _pron._ her's, his Herret _s._ a pitiful little wretch Hevel-twine _s._ a fine sort of twine Hike off _v._ to steal away slily, to skulk off Hirddick, Ruddick _s._ robin, ruddock Hird-in, Hird-out _v._ to remove one's goods. Transp. for rid Hirn, Hurn, Hirnd _v._ _pret._ and _part._ to run (A S _yrnan_) Hive, or Heave _v._ to urge in vomiting Hizy-prizy _s._ Nisi-prius Hoak _v._ to goar as an ox Hob _v._ to laugh loudly _s._ a clown Hob _s._ a cheek of a grate Hod _s._ a sheath, a cover Hoddy _adj._ hearty Hog, Hogget _s._ a sheep or horse one-year old Hogo _s._ strong savour or smell (Fr. _haut gout_) Holders _s._ fangs of a dog Holmen _adj._ made of holm or holly, as Holmen Clavel a holly mantle piece Holme-screech _s._ the missel-thrush, from its eating the berries of the holly or holme tree Homany _s._ a noise, disturbance Home-to _adv._ up to Honey-suck _s._ red clover Hoop _s._ a bullfinch, ex. Cock-hoop, hen-hoop Hoppet _v._ to hop Hornen, Harnin _adj._ made of horn Horse-godmother _s._ a masculine woman Houzen _s._ houses Hove _v._ and _s._ to hoe, ex. To hove banes, hove turmits with an auld hove How _v._ to long for Huck-muck _s._ strainer over the faucet Hud _s._ as of gooseberry, the skin, hull, husk Huf-cap _s._ a weed commonly found in fields Hug _s._ the itch Hulden _v._ to conceal, harbour Hulley, or Holley _s._ a basket-trap for eels Hull _v._ to hurl Hum-drum _s._ a three-wheeled cart Humacks _s._ wild-briar stocks on which to graff roses Ich (soft), _pron._ I 'Cham I am; 'Ch'ool I will; 'Ch'ood I would, &c. Idleton _s._ an idle fellow Infaring _adj._ lying within, as an infaring tithing, _i.e._, a tithing within a borough Insense _v._ to inform Ire _s._ iron, "ire or mire" said of stiff clay soil Ire-gaer _s._ iron work or gear Ize _pr._ I, ex. Ize warrant you wunt Jib _s._ the wooden stand for a barrel Jigger _s._ a vessel of potter's ware used in toasting cheese Jitch, Jitchy, Jissy _adj._ such, ex. Jitch placen, such places Joan-in-the-wad _s._ will-of-the-wisp Jonnick _adv._ fair, straight-forward Jot _v._ to disturb in writing, to strike the elbow Junket _s._ curds and cream with spices and sugar, &c., from Ital. _giuncata_, cased in rushes; from _giunco_, a rush; a name given in Italy to a kind of cream-cheese Kamics, Kramics _s._ rest-harrow Keamy _adj._ covered with a thin white mould; applied to cider Kecker, Kyecker-pipe, Kyecker, Kyeck-horn, the wind-pipe, a pervious pipe, from _kike_ to look through Keeve, or Kive _s._ a large tub used in brewing or cider making _v._ to put the wort or cider in a keeve to ferment Keep _s._ a large basket Keffel _s._ a bad, worn-out horse (Welsh, _Keffyl_) Kern _v._ to coagulate as milk; also applied to fruit and wheat becoming visible after the blossoming Kex, Kexy _s._ dry, pervious stalks, as of cow-parsley and hemlock Kexies, see Kecker Kid _s._ a pod To Kiddy _v._ ex. They do kiddy, but they don't villy Kilter _s._ money Kircher _s._ caul, used by butchers Kittle, or Kettle-Smock _s._ a carter's frock Knap _s._ a rising ground Knee-sick _adj._ applied to corn when the stalk is not strong enough to bear the ear Knottle _v._ to entangle with knots Knottlins _s._ the intestines of a pig prepared for food Knot _s._ flower-bed Knot-Sheep _s._ sheep without horns Kowetop _s._ the barm which rises above the rim of the tub Kurpy, Kerp _v._ to speak affectedly; scold (Lat. _increpare_) Labber _v._ to loll out the tongue Lades, or Ladeshrides _s._ the sides of a waggon which project over the wheels Ladies-smock _s._ bindweed _Convolvulus sepium_, _Cardamine pratensis_ Lady-Cow _s._ lady-bird _Coccinella septempunctata_, Laiter _s._ the whole number of eggs laid by a hen before she becomes broody, ex. She 've laaid out her laiter Lamiger _s._ lame, a cripple Lar _s._ bar of a gate Larks-lees, Leers _v._ neglected lands Lart, Lawt _s._ a loft, as cock-lart, hay-lart, apple-lart Lary, Leary, Lear _adj._ empty, thin _s._ flank; Lear-quills, small quills Las-chargeable _interj._ be quiet! _i.e._, he who last speaks or strikes in contention is most to blame Lat, or Lart _s._ a lath, ex. Lartin nails Lat _s._ shelf Latitat _s._ a noise or scolding Lattin-sheet _s._ iron-tinned; also as _adj._ made of tin, as a Lattin Saucepan Lave _v._ to throw water from one place to another; to gutter, as a candle Lay-field _s._ a piece laid down to grass Lea, Leaze, Leers _s._ an open pasture field Leapy, Lippary _s._ wet, rainy weather Learn, Larn _v._ to teach, ex. Who larned 'e thay tricks Leathern-bird, Leather-wing _s._ the bat Ledge _v._ lay hands on; to lay eggs Lent-lilies _s._ daffodils Lescious ex. She is lescious of a place, _i,e._, knows of it and thinks it may suit Levers _s._ a species of rush or sedge Levvy _s._ a level (Fr. _levee_) Lew, Lewth, Lewthy shelter, sheltered, lee-side Libbets _s._ tatters; _little-bits_ Lidden _s._ a story, a song (Ger. _lied_) Lief, Leaf _v._ leave; ex. I would as lief Ligget _s._ a rag Lijon _s._ the main beam of a ceiling Lip, or Lippen _s._ applied to certain vessels, as Ley-lip, Seed-lip, Bee-lippen bee-hive (Wiclif's Test.: Leten hym doun in a _lepe_ be the wall Acts ix. 25) Limmers, Limbers _s._ the shafts of a waggon or cart Linch _v._ a ledge, hence "linch-pin" (A S _hlinc_) Linney, Linhay _s._ an open shed Lirp _v._ to limp Lirripy _adj._ slouching Lissom _a._ lithesome, active, supple Lissum, or Lism _s._ a narrow slip of anything Locking-bone _s._ the hip joint Long-tailed Capon _s._ the long-tailed titmouse Lug _s._ a pole; a measure of land, perch or rod Lug-lain _s._ full measure Lumper-scrump _s._ cow-parsnip _Heracleum sphondylium_ Lurdin _s._ a sluggard (Fr. _lourd_) Lizzom _s._ a shade of colour in heavy bread, or in a mow Mace _s._ pl. acorns, mast Macky-moon _s._ a man who plays the fool Maethe (th soft) sweet as meathe (Welsh _Medd_, mead) Maggems, Maay-geams _s._ May games, larking Magne _adj._ great Make-wise _v._ to pretend Manchet _s._ a kind of cake eaten hot Mandy _adj._ and _v._ haughty, domineering Commandy Mang _v._ to mix Mang-hangle _adj._ and _s._ mixed-up in a confused mass Math _s._ a litter of pigs Maules _s._ measles May-bug _s._ cockchafer Mawkin (maaking) an oven swab; scare-crow; a bundle of rags Mawn _s._ a basket (A S _mand_) Maze-house _s._ madhouse Mazy _adj._ mad, ex. I be mooast maazed; a mazy ould vool Mear, Mear-stone boundary (A S _meare_) Meat-weer _adj._ applied to land capable of producing food that is good, fit to eat; applied to peas, beans, &c. Meg _s._ the mark at which boys play pitch and toss Meg's, or Maggotts Diversions _s._ rattling or wanton fun Meg-with-the-wad _s._ will o' the wisp Melander _s._ a row (Fr. _melee_) Me'll _v.a._ to meddle, touch; ex. I'll neither mell nor make; I ont mell o't, _i.e._, I will not touch it Mesh _s._ moss; lichen on apple-trees Mesh _s._ a hare's creep or run _v._ to run through the same Mess, Messy _v._ to serve cattle with hay _s._ Messin Mid, Med _v._ might, ex. Nor zed a mid; midst, medst, ex. Thou medst if wouldst Midgerim _s._ mesentery Mid'n might not, ex. I mid or I mid'n Mig in the same sense Milemas _s._ Michaelmas Mind _v._ to remember Misky form of misty Miz-maze _s._ confusion Mog _v._ to decamp, march off Mooch _v._ to stroke down gently Mood _s._ the mother of vinegar Mole _s._ higher part of the back of the neck Mommacks _s._ pl. fragments, scraps Mommick, Mommet _s._ a scarecrow (Wiclif's N. Test.: "a sacrifice to the _mawmet_" Act vii. 41) Moocher, Mooching, Meecher _s._ one who skulks; absents himself from school Moor-coot _s._ a moor-hen More _s._ a root Moot _v._ to root up _s._ Mooting-axe Moot _s._ that portion of a tree left in the ground after it has been felled Mop _s._ tuft of grass More, Morey _v.n._ to take root; applied to trees Mother, Mothering _s._ white mould in beer or cider Mothering-Sunday _s._ midlent Sunday, probably from the custom of visiting the mother-churches during that season Mought for might _aux. verb_ Mouse-snap _s._ a mouse-trap Mouster _v._ to stir, to be moving Mow-staddle _s._ a conical stone with a flat circular cap, used for the support of a mow or stack of corn Muddy-want _s._ a mole Mullin _s._ metheglin Mumper, Mump, Mumping a beggar, to beg Nacker _s._ a nag Nagging _adj._ applied to continued aching pain, as toothache; also, teasing with reproaches Nammet, or Nummet _s._ luncheon; a short meal between breakfast and dinner. Noon-meat Nan, Anan _interj._ Eh! what? (Shakes.) Nap _s._ a small rising, a hillock Na-poast _s._ gnaw-post, a fool. Narn, or Norn _pron._ neither, ex. Narn on's Nasten _v.a._ to render nasty Nathely _adv._ nearly, as a baby is nathely pining away Naunt _s._ aunt Nawl _s._ navel; Nawl-cut a term used by butchers Neel, Neeld _s._ a needle (Shaks. Mid. N. Dr. iii. 2) Nesh, Naish _adj._ tender, delicate (A S _hnesc_) Nestle-tripe _s._ the poorest bird in the nest; weakest pig in the litter; puny child Never-the-near to no purpose Newelty _s._ novelty Nickle _v.n._ to move hastily along in an awkward manner _adj._ beaten down, applied to corn Nicky, Nicky-wad _s._ a small fagot of thorns Niddick _s._ the nape of the neck Nif _conj._ if and if 'Nighst, Noist _prep._ nigh, near Ninny-watch _s._ a longing desire Nippigang, Nimpingang _s._ a whitlow Nitch _s._ a burden, a fagot of wood Nix _v._ to impose on, to nick Northern, Northering _adj._ incoherent, foolish Nosset _s._ a dainty dish such as is fit for a sick person 'Nottamy _s._ applied to a man become very thin (anatomy) Nug _s._ unshapen piece of timber, a block Nug-head _s._ a blockhead Nuncle _s._ uncle _v.a._ to cheat Nurt, or Nort nothing (w. of Parret) Nuthen _s._ a great stupid fellow Oak-web (wuck-ub) _s._ cock-chafer, may-bug Oak-wuck _s._ the club at cards Oaves _s._ the eaves of a house Odments _s. pl._ odd things, offals Oh _v._ to long greatly Old-man's-Beard _s._ clematis Old-rot _s._ cow-parsnip (_heracleum_) Onlight _v.n._ to alight from on horse-back Ool will; o'ot wilt o'ot'n't wilt not Ope _s._ an opening Open-erse _s._ a medler (A S _open-oers_), a fruit used medicinally Ordain _v._ to purpose Orloge _s._ a clock (horologe) Or'n _pron._ either, ex. O'rm o'm, either of them Ort _pron._ aught, anything Orts _s._ scraps, leavings Oseny, or Osening _v._ to forbode, predict (A S _wisian_) Ourn ours Out-ax'd _part._ to have the bands fully published Out-faring _s._ lying outside the borough Over-get _v.a._ to overtake Over-look _v.a._ to bewitch Over-right (auver-right) _adv._ opposite Ovvers _s. pl._ over-hanging bank of rivers, edge of rivers (A S _ofer_) Pair-of-Stairs _s._ a staircase with two landings Pallee _adj._ broad, as pallee-foot, pallee-paw Palme _s._ catkins of the willow (_salix caprea_) Pame _s._ the mantle thrown over an infant who is going to be Christened Panchard-night _s._ Shrove-Tuesday night Pank _v._ to pant Papern _adj._ made of paper Parget _v.a._ to plaster the inside of a chimney with mortar made of cow-dung and lime Parrick _s._ a paddock Paumish _adj._ handling awkwardly Pautch, Pontch _v._ to tread in mire Payze, 'Pryze _v._ to upraise with a lever (Fr. _peser_) Peart _adj._ brisk Pease _v._ to run out in globules Peasen _s. pl._ of pea _adj._ made of peas, ex. Peasen-pudding Peazer _s._ a lever Peek, Peeky, Peekid _adj._ pinched in face by indisposition Peel _s._ a pillow Pen, Penning, Pine, Cow-pine _s._ an enclosed place in which cattle are fed Pen _s._ a spigot Pick, Peckis _s._ pick-axe Pick, Peek _s._ hay-fork Pigs _s._ pixies, fairies, as in the common saying, "Please God and the pigs" Pig's-hales _s._ hawes Pig's-looze _s._ pig's-sty Pilch, Pilcher _s._ a baby's woollen clout Pill _s._ a pool in a river Pill-coal _s._ peat from a great depth Pillow-tie, Pillow-beer _s._ pillow-case Pilm, Pillum _s._ dust Pin, Pin-bone _s._ the hip Pind, Pindy _adj._ fusty, as corn or flour Pin'd _adj._ applied to a saw which has lost its pliancy Pine, Pwine, Pwining-end, and Pwointing-end _s._ the gable-end of a house Pinions _s. p._ the refuse wool after combing (Fr. _peigner_) Pink-twink _s._ chaffinch Pinswheal, Pinswil, Pensil _s._ a boil with a black head Pirl, Pirdle _v._ to spin as a top Pix, Pex, or Pixy _v._ to pick up fruit, as apples or walnuts, after the main crop is taken in Pixy _s._ a fairy Pixy-stool _s._ toad-stool Planch _s._ Planchant _adj._ a wood floor (Fr. _planche_) Plazen _s. pl._ places Plim, Plum _v.n._ to swell, to increase in bulk, as soaked peas or rice Plough _s._ a team of horses; also a waggon and horses, or a waggon and oxen Plough-path _s._ bridle-path Plud _s._ the swamp surface of a wet ploughed field Pock-fretten, Pock-fredden _adj._ marked with small-pox Pog _v._ to push, to thrust with a fist Pomice, Pummice, Pummy, or Pumy-Squat _s._ apples pounded for making cider (Fr. _pomme_) Pomple _adj._ responsible, trustworthy Pompster, or Pounster _v._ to tamper with a wound, or disease, without knowledge or skill in medicine Ponted _adj._ bruised, particularly applied to fruit, as a ponted apple Pooch _v._ to pout Pook _s._ the stomach, a vell Pook _s._ a cock of hay Popple _s._ a pebble Porr _v._ to stuff or cram with food Pot-waller _s._ one whose right to vote for a member of Parliament is based on his having a fire-place whereon to boil his own pot, as at Taunton Pound-house _s._ house for cider-making Prey _v._ to drive the cattle into one herd in a moor, which is done twice a year (_i.e._, at Lady-day and at Michaelmas), with a view to ascertain whether any person has put stock there without a right to do it Proud-tailor _s._ gold-finch Pulk, or Pulker _s._ a small pool of water Pumple, or Pumple-foot _s._ club-foot Pur, or Pur-hog _s._ a one-year-old male sheep Purt _v._ to pout, to be sullen Puskey _adj._ short-breathed, wheezing Putt _s._ a manure cart with two or three broad wheels Puxy _s._ a slough, a muddy place Pyer _s._ a hand-rail across a wooden bridge (Fr. _s'apuyer_) Quar _v._ to coagulate--applied to milk in the breast Quarrel, Quarrey _s._ a pane of glass Quat _adj._ full, satisfied Queane _s._ a little girl, a term of endearment Queest, Quisty _s._ a wood-pigeon or blue-rock. A quarish queest _s._ a queer fellow Quilled, or Queeled _adj._ withered, as grass Quine _s._ a corner (Fr. _coin_) Quirk, Quirky _v._ to complain, to groan, grunt Quat, or Aquat _adj._ sitting flat, like a bird on its eggs to quat _v.n._ to squat (It. _quatto_) Qwerk _s._ the clock of a stocking Rade, or Rede _s._ part of the tripe or stomach of a bullock, the maw Raening _adj._ thin, applied to cloth Raft-up _v._ to disturb from sleep Rain-pie _s._ woodpecker, yuckle Rake _v.n._ to rouse up Rally _v._ to scold Ram _v._ to lose, by throwing a thing beyond reach Rammel _adj._ (raw milk), applied to cheese made of unskimmed milk Rams-claws _s. p._ crow's foot Rampsing _adj._ tall Range _s._ a sieve Rangle _v._ to twine, move in a sinuous manner Rangling Plants _s._ such as entwine round other plants, as hops, woodbine Rap _v._ to exchange Rape _v._ to scratch Rare _adj._ raw, or red, as meat Rasty, Rusty _adj._ rancid, gross, obscene Ratch _v._ to stretch Rathe, Rather early, soon Milton: "the rathe primrose" Rathe-ripe _s._ an early kind of apple; also a male or female that arrives at full maturity before the usual age Raught _part._ and _past tense_ reached, ex. E' raught down his gun Rawn _v.a._ to devour greedily Rawning-knife _s._ the large knife with which butchers clear their meat; cleaver Rawny _adj._ thin, meagre 'Ray _v.a._ to dress. Unray to undress Read, Reed _v._ to strip the fat from the intestines Readship, or Retchup, Rechip, Rightship _s._ truth, dependence, trustworthiness Ream _v.a._ to widen, to open, to stretch _s._ an instrument or tool for widening a hole (generally used for metals) _v.n._ to bear stretching. Reamy _adj._ Reams, Rames _s. pl._ the dead stalks of potatoes, &c.; skeleton (Query Remains) Re-balling _s._ the catching of ells with earthworms (yeasses) attached to a ball of lead Reed _s._ wheat-straw prepared for thatching (w. of Parret) Reen, or Rhine _s._ watercourse, or dyke; an open drain Reeve _v.n._ to shrivel up, to contract into wrinkles Remlet _s._ a remnant Reneeg _v._ to withdraw from an engagement (Lat. _renegare_) (Shaksp. Ant. and Cleop. i. 5) Rere-Mouse _s._ a bat (A S _hrere-mus_) Revel-twine _s._ same as Hevel-twine Revesse _s._ the burden of a song, from _vessey_, _v._ to make verses Rew _s._ row _v._ to put grass in rows Rexen _s. p._ rushes (A S _rixe_) Rip _v._ to rate or chide Riscous applied to bread imperfectly baked Robin-riddick, or Ruddock _s._ redbreast Roddicks, Roddocks _s._ ex. Off the roddocks, as a cart off the grooves of the axle Rode _v.n._ to go out to shoot wild fowl which pass over head on the wing early at night or in the morning; also applied to the passage of the birds themselves, ex. The woodcocks' rode Roe-briar _s._ the large dog-rose briar Roller, Rawler, Brawler _s._ a bundle of reed, ex. As weak as a rawler Rompstal _s._ a rude girl Ronge _v._ to gnaw, to devour (Fr. _ronger_) Room, Rhume _s._ scurf of the scalp Root-chains _s._ main plough chains Roozement _s._ a slip or falling-in of earth Ropy _adj._ wine or other liquor is ropy when it becomes thick and coagulated; also bread when a kind of second fermentation takes place in warm weather Rose _v.n._ to drop out from the pod or other seed-vessel when the seeds are over ripe Rose, Rooze-in _v._ to fall in, as the upper part of a quarry, or well Round-dock _s._ the common mallow Rouse-about _adj._ big, unwieldly Rout _v._ to snore Rowless _adj._ roofless. A Rowless Tenement an estate without a house Rowsse _v._ to rush out with a great noise Rozzim, Rozzums _s._ quaint sayings, low proverb Ruck _v._ to couch down "What is mankind more unto you yhold Than is the shepe that rouketh in the fold." (Chaucer, Knight's Tale) Rudderish _adj._ rude, hasty Ruge _v.n._ to hang in folds, to wrinkle (Lat. _rugae_) Rungs, Rongs _s. pl._ the rounds of a ladder, also of a chair Rushen _adj._ made of rushes Sand-tot _s._ sand-hill Sape _s._ sap of trees, juice of fruit. Sapey _adj._ as fruit-tart Sar, Sarve _v._ to earn wages Scad _s._ a sudden and brief shower Scamblin _s._ irregular meal Scarry-whiff _adv._ askew Scorse, Squoace, Squiss _v._ to exchange, barter "And there another, that would needsly scorse A costly jewel for a hobby-horse" (Drayton's Moon Calf) Scottle _v._ to cut into pieces wastefully Scourge-mettle _s._ the instrument with which a boy whips his top Scovin, Scubbin _s._ the neck and breast of lamb Scrambed, Shrambed _adj._ deprived of the use of some limb by a nervous contraction of the muscles; benumbed with cold Scrint _v._ to scorch, singe; also to shrink a good deal in burning, as leather, silk, &c. Scun _v._ to reproach with the view of exposing to contempt or shame (A S _scunian_, to shun, avoid) Scurrick, Scurrig _s._ any small coin, a mere atom; ex. I havn't a scurrick left Scute _s._ a sum of money, a gratuity, the impress on ancient money, from _scutem_, a shield. So _ecu_, Fr., a crown; shilling, from A S _scild_, a shield. Chaucer uses _shildes_ for ecus, _i.e._, crowns Seam _s._ a horse-load (A S _seam_) Seed-lip _s._ a sower's seed basket Seem, Zim _v._ to think, to be of opinion; ex. I do zim, or zim t' I Seltimes _adv._ seldom Sense _v._ to understand Seven-sleeper _s._ dormouse Shab _s._ itch or mange in brutes _adj._ Shabby Shaff-Tuesday _s._ Shrove-Tuesday Shalder _s._ rush, sedge growing in ditches Sham _s._ a horse-hoe Share, Sheare _s._ the quantity of grass cut at one harvest, a crop Sharps _s._ shafts of a cart Shaul _v._ to shell, to shed the first teeth Shaw _v._ to scold sharply Sheen _adj._ bright, shining Sheer _s._ a sheath, ex. Scissis-sheer Shelving-stone _s._ a blue tile or slate for covering the roofs of houses Shod _part. of v. to shed_ ex. No use crying for shod milk Showl _s._ for shovel Shrig _v.a._ to shroud or trim a tree Shrowd, Shride _s._ loppings of trees Shuckning _adj._ shuffling Shut _v._ to weld iron Shuttles, Shittles _s._ floodgates Sife, Sithe _v._ and _s._ to sigh Sig _s._ urine (Dutch _v. zeycken_) Silch, Sulch _v._ to soil, daub Silker _s._ a court card 'Sim t' I it seems to me Simlin _s._ a kind of fine cake intended for toasts Sin, Sine _conj._ since, because Sinegar _s._ the plant stocks Singlegus _s._ the orchis Skag _s._ a rent, tear, wound Skenter, Skinter _adj._ relaxed, as applied to oxen Skiff-handed _adj._ awkward Skiffle _s._ as to make a skiffle, to make a mess of any business Skiffling _s._ the act of whittling a stick Skilly _s._ oatmeal porridge Skimps _s._ the scales and refuse of flax Skimmerton-riding _s._ the effigy of a man or woman unfaithful to marriage vows carried about on a pole accompanied by rough music from cows'-horns and frying-pans. Formerly it consisted of two persons riding on a horse back to back, with _ladles_ and _marrow-bones_ in hand, and was intended to ridicule a hen-pecked husband Skir _v._ skim, mow lightly, as thistles Skir-devil _s._ a black martin, swift Skirrings _s._ hay made in pasture lands from the long grass left by the cattle Skitty _s._ a water-rail Skitty-vamps _s._ laced half boots Skred, Skride _v._ to stride Slat, Slate _v._ to split, crack, crumble Slate _s._ a sheep-run. Slated _adj._ accustomed to, contented Slerib _s._ a spare rib of pork Sley for "as lief," ex. I would sley do it as not Sliden, Slidder, Slither _v._ to slide Sliver _s._ a thin slice Slock _v._ to encourage the servants of other people to pilfer Slooen _adj._ of sloe, ex. A slooen tree Slop _adj._ loose (Dutch _slap_) Slope _v.n._ to decay, rot, as pears and potatoes Srnitch, Smit, Smeech _s._ smut, or fine dust Snag _s._ a tooth standing alone; a small sloe Snag-blowth _s._ the blossom of the black-thorn Snake-leaves _s._ ferns Snap-jack _s._ stitch-wort (stellaria holostea) Snare _s._ the gut or string stretched tightly across the lower head of a drum Snell, or Snull _s._ a short thick stick about 4 inches long, called a "cat," used in the game called cat and dog Sneyd _s._ the crooked handle of a scythe Snicker, Snigger _v._ to laugh in an insulting way Snoach _v._ to snuffle, to speak through the nose Snoffer _s._ a sweetheart (Dutch _snoffen_, to sigh) Snool _v._ to smear anything by rubbing the nose and mouth over it (Dutch _snavel_, a snout) Snop _s._ a sharp blow Soce, Zuez _s. pl. voc._ friends (Query _socii_) Sog, or Sug _s._ a morass. Soggy _adj._ boggy; also as a verb, to be sugged-out by the wet Sowle _v._ to handle rudely, to hale or pull "He'll go, he says, and sowle the porter of Rome gates by the ears" (Shaks. Coriol. iv. 5) Spane _s._ the prong of a fork Sparcled, Sparked, Spicotty _adj._ speckled Spar-gad _s._ sticks split to be used for thatching Sparrables, Spurbles _s._ shoemaker's nails, ex. Sparrable boots Spars _s._ twisted hazel or willow for thatching Spawl _v._ to scale away _s._ a scale broken off from the surface of a stone Speard _s._ spade Spine _s._ the sward or surface of the ground; the fat on the surface of a joint of meat Spinnick _s._ Spinnicking _adj._ a person every way diminutive Spittle _v._ to dig lightly between crops Splat _s._ a row of pins as sold in paper Sprack, Spree, Spry _adj._ nimble, alert, active Sprackles _s. pl._ spectacles Sprank _v._ to sprinkle with water. Spranker, Sprenker _s._ a watering-pot Spreathed _adj._ said of skin harsh and dry with cold, but not chapped Spried, Spreed _adj._ chapped with cold Spounce _v._ to spatter with water Spuddle _v._ to be uselessly or triflingly busy Spur _v._ to spread abroad or scatter, as manure over a field (Lat. _spargere_) Squail _v._ to throw a short stick at anything. Squailer _s._ the stick used in squirrel hunting Squails _s._ nine-pins Squap _v._ to sit down without any employment Squatch _s._ a chink or narrow clift Squelstring _adj._ sultry Squinny _v._ to squint "Dost thou squinny at me?" (Shak. King Lear) Squittee _v._ to squirt Squoace, or Squss _v._ to truck or exchange Staddle _s._ foundation of a rick of hay or corn, a mark left by a haycock, or anything allowed to remain too long in one place Stag _s._ a castrated bull Stagnated _adj._ astonished Stang _s._ a long pole Stap _v._ for to stop Stare-basin, Glow-basin _s._ glow-worm Stean _v._ to stone a road. Steaned _part. s._ a large stone pitcher (Dutch _steen_) "Upon an huge great earthpot stean he stood" (Spenser, Faery Queene) Steanin _s._ a stone-pitched ford Steeve _v._ to dry, to stiffen (Dutch _styven_) Stickle _s._ shallow rapids in a stream. Steep _adj._ steep as a hill Stitch _s._ a shock of corn, ten sheaves Stive _v._ to keep close and warm Stiver _s._ a bristling of the hair Stocky _adj._ short, stumpy Stodge _s._ thick slimy mud _adj._ miry; ex. "Pendummer, where the Devil was stodged in the midst of zummer" Stodged _adj._ stuffed with eating Stool _s._ the stock of a tree cut for underwood Stoor, Storr _v._ to stir, move actively (Dutch _stooren_) Stomachy _adj._ proud, haughty Stout _s._ a gnat-fly Strablet _s._ a long, narrow strip Strame _s._ a streak, mark, trace _v._ to trace (Dutch _stram_) Straw-mote _s._ a bit of straw Strickle _adj._ steep as the roof of a house Strod _s._ a leathern buskin worn by peasants Strout _v._ to strut, stand out stiff "Crowk was his hair, and as gold it shon And strouted as a fan large and brode" (Chaucer, Miller's Tale) Stub-shot _s._ the portion of the trunk of a tree which remains when the tree is not sawn through Stun-pole _s._ a stupid fellow Stwon _s._ stone Stwonen _adj._ Suant _adj._ even, regular, applied to rows of beans or corn; grave as applied to the countenance (Fr. _suivant_) Sull _s._ plough-share (A S _sul_) Suma _s._ a small cup made of blue and white stoneware Surge _v._ and _s._ to bear heavily on, impetuous force Swallow-pears _s._ service-pears, sorb-apples Swather, or Swother _v._ to faint (A S _sweothrian_) Sweem _v._ to swoon. Sweemy, Sweemish _adj._ faint (Dutch _swiim_) Sweet-harty _v._ to court. Sweet-harting _s._ courtship Swile _s._ soil, also Swoil-heap Swill, Swell, Zwell _v._ to swallow Tack _s._ a shelf, bacon-rack. Clavy-tack chimney-piece Taffety _adj._ nice in eating Tallet _s._ the space next the roof in out-houses (Welsh _tavlod_) Tame _v._ to cut, to have the first cut (Fr. _entamer_) Tanbase _s._ unruly behaviour Tan-day _s._ the second day of a fair Tang _s._ to tie; that part of a knife which passes into the haft Tave _v._ to throw the hands about wildly Tavering _adj._ restless in illness Tawl-down _v._ to strike or smooth down a cat's back Teak _s._ a whitlow Teap _s._ a point, peak Teart _adj._ sharp, sour, painful Ted _v._ to turn hay or flax to dry. Ted-pole the pole used for the purpose Teg _s._ a last year's lamb not sheared Teem _v._ to pour out Terrible _adv._ intensitive, ex. Terrible good Thic, Thicky, Thicky-there, Thickumy, Thickumy-there _pron._ that (Chaucer _thilk_) Thiller _s._ the shaft horse Thill-harness opposed to trace harness Tho _adv._ then, ex. I couldn't go tho, but I went afterwards Thong _v._ to stretch out into viscous threads or filaments Thongy _adj._ viscid, ropy Thornen _adj._ made of thorns Thurt _v._ to thwart, to plough crossways Thurt-handled _adj._ thwart-handled Thurt-saw _s._ a thwart-saw, a cross-cut saw Tilty _adj._ irritable, _i.e._, easily tilt or lifted up Timmern _adj._ wooden Timmersom _adj._ timorous Tine _v._ to light, ex. Tine the candle (root of tinder) _v._ a tooth as of rake or spear (A S _tine_) Tine-in _v._ to shut, to enclose. Tinings _s._ enclosures (A S _tynan_) Tip-and-tail heels over head Titty-todger _s._ a wren To appended to adverbs, as where-to, to-home, to-year, to-week, as to-day Toak _v._ to soak Toggers _s._ the handle-pieces of the scythe Toke _v._ to glean apples Toll _v._ to decoy, entice, ex. A bit o' cheese to toll down the bread wi' Toll-bird _s._ a decoy bird Tongue, or Tonguey _v._ to talk immoderately Tossity _adj._ drunken ('tossicated) Tranter _s._ a carrier. Coal-tranter a beggar Trapes _s.v._ a slattern, to walk in the dirt Trendle _s._ a brewer's cooler of an oval form Trig _v._ to prop up _adj._ sound, firm, well in health, neat, tidy Trig-to _v._ to open, set open, as a door Trill _v._ to twirl Trop intj. used by riders to excite a dull horse Tuck _v._ to touch Tucker _s._ a fuller, also Tucking-mill Tun _s._ upper part of the chimney Tunnegar _s._ a wooden funnel Tup _s._ a ram Turmets, Turmits _s._ turnips Turve _s._ turf Tut _s._ a hassock Tutty _s._ flower. Tutty-more flower-root Tut-work, Tuck-work _s._ piece-work 'T'war it was Twibill _s._ a sort of axe with bill of two forms Twily _adj._ restless Twink, or Pink _s._ a chaffinch Twi-ripe, Twi-ripy _adj._ unequally ripe Twistle, Twizzle _s._ that part of a tree where the branches divide from the stock Under-creepin _adj._ sneaking Ungain (from gain) unhandy Unkit _et. id. adj._ lonely, dismal (A S _cwyde_, speech; _uncwyde_, solitary, having no one to speak to) Unray _v._ to undress, ex. I do ston to ray, and I do ston to unray Untang _v._ to untie Up, Uppy _v._ to arise, to get up Uppin-stock, Lighting-stock _s._ a horse-block Uppings _s._ perquisites Upsighted _s._ a defect of vision rendering a person unable to look down Ur, Hur _pron._ he, she, or it Urn, Hurn _v._ to run (A S _yrnan_) Utchy _pron._ I (Ger. _ich_) Vage, Vaze _v._ to move about or run in such a way as to agitate the air Valch _v._ to thrust with the elbow or fist Vang _v._ to take or catch, to receive as well as earn wages; ex. To vang a fire, to vang money; also to stand sponsor (A S _fangen_) Vare _s._ weasel or stoat. Vair ermine Vare _v._ to bring forth young, applied to pigs (from farrow) Varmint _s._ a vermin Vaught _part._ fetched, hence the proverb vur vaught dear a-bought Vawth _s._ a bank of dung or earth prepared for manure; litter of pigs Vay, or Vie _v._ to go, to succeed, to turn out well (Fr. _va'tail_) ex. How doe't vay wi'ye? Veelvare, Veldevere _s._ field-fare Vell _s._ a part of the stomach of a calf used for making cheese; membrane Vent, Vent-hole _s._ the wrist of a shirt, the button-hole Verdi, Verdit _s._ opinion, ex. Thats my verdit therefor I zay 't Vester _s._ a pin used to point out the letters to children learning to read Vier _s._ fire Vig _v._ to rub gently by a quick motion of the finger forward and backward (Dutch _ficken_) Vinnid, Vinny _adj._ mouldy, as bread; humoursome, as a spoiled child; affected Vitten, Vitty _adj._ fitly, featly, properly applied _s._ a whim or pretence Vleer _s._ flea Vlother _s._ incoherent talk, nonsense Voccating _adj._ going about chattering in an idle manner Vore-right _adj._ blunt, rude, impertinent Voss, Voth _s._ a side furrow Vouce _adj._ strong, nervous Vug _v._ to strike with the elbow _s._ a blow with the elbow Vyer _s._ the fair, ex. Guaine to vyer? W an initial W is often pronounced as in Welsh _oo_, ex. Walter, oolter; witness, ootness; Wells, ools Wallet _s._ brushwood, bramble-wood Wamble, Wammel _v.n._ to move in an awkward manner, applied chiefly to machinery Want, Wont _s._ a mole Want-wriggle _s._ mole-track War _v. pret. of the verb_ "_to be_" I war, he war, we war, &c. Wash-dish _s._ the wag-tail Wassail _v._ drinking success to the apple crop Way-zaltin _s._ a play in which two persons standing back to back interlace each others arms, and by bending forward alternately raise each other from the ground Weepy _adj._ moist, abounding in springs Welch-nut _s._ walnut (Ger. _welsche-nuss_) Well _s._ a running spring, a source (Ger. _quelle_, as distintinguished from a wenk or wink) Weng _s._ the front rack of the sull Wevet _s._ a spider's web Whippences _s._ bodkins or swingle-bars of a plough Whipper-snapper _s._ a little, active, nimble fellow Whipswhiles _s._ a short interval, as between the strokes of a whip Whister-twister _s._ a smart blow on the side of the head Whiver _v._ to hover, to flutter. Whiver-minded _adj._ wavering Widow-man _s._ a widower Wim _v._ to winnow. Wim-sheet, Wimmin-sheet, Wimmindust _s._ Windle, Windle-thrush _s._ red-wing Wink _s._ an excavated or sunken well (Query supplied with a Winch?) Wipes _s._ faggots for draining or fencing Wisht _adj._ sad, untoward Without unless, except Woek, Wuk _s._ oak Woeks _s._ clubs on playing cards, from their shape Wont-heeave, Want-snap _s._ a mole-hill, mole-trap Wood-quist _s._ wood-pigeon, cushat Wood-wall _s._ woodpecker Worra _s._ part of the centre of the old spinning-wheel Wosberd, Whisbird, Whosbird _s._ a term of reproach. Wrede _v._ to spread abroad, as wheat is said to wrede when several stalks shoot out of the ground from a single grain. Wrick _v.s._ strain Wride _v.n._ to stretch, to expand Wring _s._ press, ex. A cider-wring Writh-hurdles _s._ plated hurdles Wrizzled, Wrizzly _adj._ shrivelled up, wrinkled Yails _s._ the uprights in hurdles Yal, Yalhouse, Yarm, Yel, &c. _s._ ale, alehouse, arm, eel, &c. Yap _v._ to yelp like a cur Yappingale, Yaffler, Yuckle _s._ woodpecker Yeass _s._ an earthworm _pl._ yeasses Yeo _s._ main drain of a level Yeth _s._ hearth. Yeth-stone hearth-stone Yoak _s._ the grease in wool Yoaky _adj._ greasy, applied to wool as it comes from the sheep Yokes _s._ hiccups Yourn yours Yow _v._ to cut the stubble short, to cut with a hook Zam _v.a._ to heat for some time over a fire, but not to boil Zam-sod, Zam-sodden half baked Zand-tot _s._ sand hill Zate _adj._ soft Zatenfare _s._ softish, a foolish fellow Zead _v._ for has seen Zead _s._ seed. Zead-lip seed-lip Zenvy _s._ wild mustard Zinney _s._ sinews Zwail _v._ to move about the arms extended, and up and down Zwell _v._ to swallow Zwodder _s._ a drowsy and stupid state of body and mind Zwound _v._ to swoon F. 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